with Lorelle and Brent VanFossen

Quotes from Our Website

Lorelle has been collecting quotes since she first began to read, and has quite a collection. We have incorporated the most appropriate quotes from her collection and research into our pages where appropriate and enjoyable. We’ve had a lot of requests to share these, so we’ve gathered them together in a series of pages for you to peruse. The quotes from within our pages cover nature and photography, travel, and life in general. We hope you enjoy them as much as we do.

Nature Quotes

Nature abhors annihilation.
Cicero (BC 106-43)

Let us permit nature to have her way; she understands her business better than we do.
Montaigne (1533-1592)

Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed.
Bacon (1561-1626)

Each flower is a soul opening out to nature.
Gerard de Nerval

…If the beasts were gone, we would die from a great loneliness of spirit.
Chief Seattle

The mountains are the beginning and end of all natural scenery.
John Ruskin

Sunset light on mountains, Alaska, photo by Brent VanFossenMountains are a feeling but the hum of human cities is a torture.
Byron

Whenever we go in the mountains, or indeed in any of God’s wild fields, we find more than we seek.
John Muir

Consider the sea’s listless chime; time’s self it is, made audible.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti

Nature, like man, sometimes weeps from gladness.
Benjamin Disraeli

One joy dispels a hundred cares.
Confucius

The flowers of all our tomorrows are in the seeds of today.
Chinese proverb

Flowers are the earth’s laughter.
Emerson

Teach us delight in simple things.
Rudyard Kipling

Meerkat, photo by Lorelle VanFossenThe journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
Lao Tse

There’s enough in this world for every man’s need but not for every man’s greed.
Gandhi

In wildness is the preservation of the world.
Thoreau

Conservation is a state of harmony between men and land.
Aldo Leopold

Solitary trees, if they grow at all, grow stong.
Winston Churchill

You must teach our children that the ground beneath their feet is the ashes of your grandfathers. So that they will respect the land, tell your children that the earth is rich with the lives of our kin. Teach your children what we have taught our children, that the earth is our mother. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of the earth. If men spit upon the ground, they spit upon themselves. This we know: The earth does not belong to man; man belongs to the earth. This we know. All things are connected like the blood which units one family. All things are connected.
Inspired by Chief Seattle’s reply to the ‘Great White Chief’ in Washington in 1854 on the occasion of an offer of an Indian ‘reservation’ in exchange for a large area of Indian land.

Mosque in silouette, photo by Lorelle VanFossenThe shadow’s the thing. Outside, shadows are blue, I read, because they are lighted by the blue sky and not the yellow sun. Their blueness bespeaks infinitesimal particles scattered down infinitesimal distances. Muslims, whose religion bans representational art as idolatrous, don’t observe the rule strictly; but they do forbid sculpture, because it casts a shadow. So shadows define the real….
Anne Dillard Pilgrim at Tinker Creek

Wildlife needs clutter and chaos. It needs options and opportunities. It needs the slow centuries of growth, nurture, disturbance and decline that produces a complex and unique forest community.
David Middleton, Ancient Growth

Our ways are different from your ways. The sight of your cities pains the eyes of the red man. But perhaps it is because the red man is a savage and does not understand. There is no quiet place in the white man’s cities. No place to hear the unfurling of leaves in spring, or the rustle of an insect’s wings. But perhaps it is because I am a savage and do not understand.
The clatter only seems to insult the ears. And what is there to life if a man cannot hear the lonely cry of the whippoorwill or the arguments of the frogs around a pond at night. I am a red man and do not understand.
The Indian prefers the soft sound of the wind darting over the face of a pond, and the smell of the wind itself, cleaned by a midday rain, or scented with the pinon pine. The air is precious to the red man, for all things share the same breath – the beast, the tree, the man, they all share the same breath.
The white man does not seem to notice the air he breathes. Like a man dying for many days, he is numb to the stench.
Chief Seattle’s reply to the ‘Great White Chief’ in Washington in 1854 on the occasion of an offer of an Indian ‘reservation’ in exchange for a large area of Indian land.

Nature, like a kind and smiling mother, lends herself to our dreams and cherishes our fancies.
Victor Hugo (1802-1885)

Nothing is rich but the inexhaustible wealth of nature. She shows us only surfaces, but she is million fathoms deep.
Emerson (1803-1882)

The forest is the poor man’s overcoat.
New England Proverb

Today I have grown taller from walking with the trees.
Karle Wilson

In those vernal seasons of the year when the air is calm and pleasant, it were an injury and sullenness against nature not to go out and see her riches, and partake in her rejoicing with heaven and earth.
Milton (1608-1674)

Animals are such agreeable friends, they ask no questions, they pass no criticisms.
George Eliot

Man’s rich with little, were his judgement true; Nature is frugal, and her wants are few; These few wants answer’d bring sincere delights; But fools create themselves new appetites.
Young (1683-1765)

Nature I loved, and next to Nature, Art.
Landor (1775-1864)

Nature Photography Quotes

The secret of seeing is, then, the pearl of great price. If I thought he could teach me to find it and keep it forever I would stagger barefoot across a hundred deserts after any lunatic at all. But although the pearl may be found, it may not be sought. The literature of illumination reveals this above all: although it comes to those who wait for it, it is always, even to the more practiced and adept, a gift and a total surprise.
Annie Dillard, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek

To the scientist, light is not only a messenger but also a tool, a tool of limitless versatility, which can be used to uncover the mysteries of the atom and of the stars.
Michael I. Sobel

The least you can do is be there.
Anne Dillard

Wandering through the world as I do, I often forget to watch my feet. When I stop to watch them, I often find camouflaged, wondrous things. Insects, lizards, butterflies, ants, flowers….it makes me walk a little more carefully and slowly now.
Lorelle VanFossen, Personal Journal

An artist chooses his subjects; that is his way of praising…Ultimately, his work is merely a magnifying glass that he offers anyone who looks his way.
Friedreich Nietzsche, The Joyful Wisdom

The more you are able to forget your equipment, the more time you have to concentrate on the subject and on the composition. The camera should become an extension of your eye, nothing else.
Ernst Haas, The Creation

The camera always points both ways. In expressing the subject, you also express yourself.
Freeman Patterson

Ferns in the forest, photo by Brent VanFossen…the immense variety that nature creates emerges from the working and reworking of only a few formal themes. Those limitations on nature bring harmony and beauty to the natural world.
Peter Stevens, Patterns in Nature

The window is not the view; the window allows the view.
Hugh Prather, Notes on Love and Courage

The block of granite which was an obstacle in the path of the weak, becomes a steppingstone in the path of the strong.
Carlyle (1795-1881)

If you only photograph when you feel like it…you’ll never be totally successful as a photographer.
Freeman Patterson

Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all.
Helen Keller

The idea that creativity bubbles up from a magical well is just another myth, among many, about highly creative people and their work.
David Perkins – Howard

Every problem contains the seeds of its own solution.
Stanley Arnold

Imagination is more important than knowledge.
Albert Einstein

A mind once stretched by a new idea never regains its original dimensions.
Oliver Wendell

Whatever you can do or dream you can, begin it; boldness has genius, power and magic in it.
Goethe

Science is facts; just as houses are made of stones, so is science made of facts; but a pile of stones is not a house and a collection of facts is not necessarily science.
Henri Poincare (1854-1912)

Unlike a camera, the eye takes apart the visual image into component parts that are of importance to the animal.
Inside the Brain

When you photograph something, don’t accept it as the end result; there’s always a next step. But repeat something only if you can improve on it. Otherwise, you must move on. A photographer must change to show change, and it is as much the photographer’s challenge to show change as it is to preserve what is. A picture must be a question as well as an answer.
Ernst Haas

Thirty-six satisfactory exposures on a roll means a photographer is not trying anything new.
Freeman Patterson

Surely there is something in the unruffled calm of nature that overawes our little anxieties and doubts: the sight of the deep-blue sky, and the clustering stars above, seem to impart a quiet in the mind.
Johnathan Edwards (1703-1758)

Arctic ground squirrel, Alaska, photo by Brent VanFossenNature goes on her way, and all that to us seems an expectation is really according to order.
Goethe (1749-1832)

Nature pleases, attracts, delights, merely because it is nature. We recognize in it an Infinite Power.
Karl Wilhelm Humboldt (1767-1835)

Nature never did betray the heart that loved her.
Wordsworth (1770-1850)

The less descriptive the photo, the more stimulating it is for the imagination. The less information, the more suggestion; the less prose, the more poetry.
Ernst Haas

A photography image creates a story that was never intended to be told. It is a lie telling the truth, a yes and no at the same time, an is and an is not.
Ernst Haas

Many believe the camera is a shield. I believe it’s an invitation to get closer.
Nevada Wier, Travel photographer

For what has made the sage or poet write, But the fair paradise of Nature’s light.
Keats (1795-1821)

Travel photography and skiing have a lot in common: uneven terrain and the challenge of reacting to ‘uneven terrain’.
Lisl Dennis, Travel photographer

One of life’s most fulfilling moments occurs in that split second when the familiar is suddenly transformed into the dazzling aura of the profoundly new…These breakthroughs are too infrequent, more uncommon than common; and we are mired most of the time in the mundane and the trivial. The shocker: what seems mundane and trivial is the very stuff that discovery is made of. The one difference is our perspective, our readiness to put the pieces together in an entirely new way and to see patterns where only shadows appeared just a moment before.
Edward B. Lindaman, Thinking in Future Tense

My work is always a bit ahead of my ability to comprehend it. As a photographer, it is very important for me to listen to the work, for it will always tell where to go next.
Ralph Gibson

Sunset on birds and trees at Bosque del Apache, New Mexico, photo by Brent VanFossenTravel photography seems to be a very intellectual process but it’s really an emotional experience.
Lisl Dennis, Travel photographer

And hark! How blithe the thristle sings! He, too, is no mean preacher: Come forth into the light of things, Let Nature be your teacher.
Wordsworth (1770-1850)

Many go through the meadow, but few see the flowers in it.
Emerson

Whatever you are from nature, keep to it; never desert your own line of talent. Be what nature intended you for, and you will succeed; be anything else, and you will be ten thousand times worse than nothing.
Syndey Smith (1771-1845)

I look like a photographer. I keep my antennae out and pay attention. I move slowly and work quickly. I want to be an active observer not a passive bystander. It breaks down the barriers because here I am, looking like I just landed from Mars with all this equipment on me, and I’m cute and funny and make them laugh as I should. I build a rapport at that moment.
Nevada Wier, Travel photographer

Help Nature and work on with her; and Nature will regard thee as one of her creators and make obeisance. And she will open wide before thee the portals of her secret chambers, lay bare before thy gaze the treasures hidden in the depths of her pure virgin bosom.
H.P. Blavatsky (1831-1891)

Art is the child of Nature; yes, her darling child in whom we trace The features of the mother’s face, Her aspect and her attitude.
Longfellow (1819-1892)

Birds, the free tenants of land, air, and ocean, their forms all symmetry, their motions grace…
James Montgomery

If park fees were kept by the park how would we be able to pay for the graft that we are now funding? I would gladly pay for double at each park if the money would stay with the park. In my opinion, most rangers are underpaid and under appreciated. We are fortunate they love what they do because otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to attract people with their education level at the salaries the government pays. In a moment of insanity, I thought we should reduce government graft and waste and put the money in our parks. If we lose them I’m afraid they will be gone forever. Maybe it isn’t such an insane thought after all.
Eugene Bantekas, nature photographer

The highest problem of any art is to cause by appearance the illusion of a higher reality.
Goethe (1749-1832)

Mountain goat, Colorado Rockies, photo by Brent VanFossenOf landscapes, as of people, one becomes more tolerant after one’s twentieth year…We learn to look at them, not in the flat but in depth, as things to be burrowed into. It is not merely a question of lines and colours but of smells, sounds and tastes as well…
C.S. Lewis, C.S. Lewis: Images of His World

The object of art is to crystallize emotion into thought, and then fix it in form.
Francois Delsarte (1811-1871)

A work of art is a corner of creation seen through a temperament.
Emile Zola (1840-1902)

What was any art but a mould in which to imprison for a moment the shining, elusive element which is life itself.
Willa Cather (1876-1947)

A photograph is a secret about a secret. The more it tells you, the less you know.
Diane Arbus (1923-1971)

The Meaning of Life is to see.
Hui Neng

Art is unquestionably one of the purest and highest elements in human happiness. It trains the mind through the eye, and the eye through the mind. As the sun colors flowers, so does art color life.
Lubbock (1834-1913)

The appearance and disappearance of the Universe are pictured as an out-breathing and inbreathing of ‘the Great Breath,’ which is eternal, and which, being Motion, is one of the three aspects of the Absolute – Abstract Space and Duration being the other two.
H.P. Blavatsky (1831-1891)

Breath it all in and let it all out.
Dewitt Jones

Red-bellied woodpecker, photo by Brent VanFossenAn animals wariness is it’s key to survival and critical to the protection of it’s young. The Photographers Code of Ethics prohibits harassing, endangering or interfering with the natural life cycle of wild animals. Therefore, we choose to work in National Parks, wildlife viewing areas and occassionaly with hand raised subjects such as this wolf. In this way, we can share the antics and spirit of relaxed, unstressed animals without endangering the animal or it’s young.
Leo Keeler, Alaska Photographer

A picture is a poem without words.
Confucius (BC 551-479)

There is the happiness which comes from creative effort. The joy of dreaming, creating, building, whether in painting a picture, writing an epic, singing a song, composing a symphony, devising a new invention, creating a vast industry. Work is the great redeemer. It has therapeutic value. It brings happiness.
Henry Miller (1891-1980)

A lot of people feel guilty about photographing people and take the picture and run. Why? I see people notice me and I drop the camera and hang out a while. Then I take some more pictures. You have to pull down the camera and keep eye contact. You have to become a person behind the black box.
Nevada Wier, Travel photographer

I can’t be startled by the unexpected. I have to be looking for it and prepared for it to happen.
Nevada Wier, Travel photographer

As little children we all start out with eyes close to the ground, seeing, feeling, smelling, exploring, and learning. Seeing with a camera is the best way I have found to get close to the earth again.
Earnest Braun, Living Water

I shut my eyes in order to see.
Paul Gauguin

Though we travel the world over to find the beautiful, we must carry it wihin us or we find it not.
Unknown Author

The wonderful thing about the Smokies, in my opinon, are their accessability. When I go out west I look at the mountains and say “beautiful”, but I can’t feel like I know them. They are just too big. I admire them from a distance. With the Smokies, I can walk from one end to the other if I want, and from the bottom to the top. They are on a scale that is “knowable”. They are “comfortable”. And they are alive with more growing green stuff than you can shake a stick at.
David Vruggink, nature photographer

Photography is many things for me – it is my art form, it is the way I make my living. Most of all, it is a discipline that forces me to see deeply, not just in my photographs, but in my life as well.
Dewitt Jones, nature photographer

Creativity is dangerous…Its pleasure is not the comfort of the safe harbor, but the thrill of the reaching sail.
Robert Grudin, The Grace of Great Things

There is a vitality…translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you…this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and will be lost.
Martha Graham

One should never forget that seeing and producing an effect of nature is not a matter of intellect, but of feeling…I avoid being conventional as much as possible.
Carl Frieseke

As long as I live, I’ll hear waterfalls and birds and winds sing. I’ll interpret the rocks, learn the language of flood, storm, and avalance. Ill acquaint myself with the glaciers and wild gardens, and get as near the heart of the world as I can.
John Muir

The seeing is always more important that the photograph.
Dewitt Jones, nature photographer

If a photographer really expects to produce great work, they must, just like musicians, be prepared to practice their craft every day. EVERY DAY. This does not mean one has to take pictures every day, but one must at least practice seeing every day.
David Bayles

Let the beauty we love be what we do.
Rumi

When I find myself stopping to think I know I’m on the wrong track.
Edward Weston

The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes.
Marcel Proust

Do not fear mistakes – there are none.
Miles Davis

Chance is always powerful. Let your hook be always cast; in the pool where you least expect it, there will be fish.
Ovid

Vision is the art of seeing things invisible.
Johnathan Swift

The similarity between Van Gogh, Haiku poetry, and good photography is the concern for morality.
Dennis Stock

The fault with most photographers is that they spend 1/60th of a second making a photograph and the rest of their life explaining it.
Richard Brown

Burrowing Owls, Florida, photo by Brent VanFossenThat which fills my heart and sole – Must be expressed in drawings and pictures – I am in a rage of work.
Vincent Van Gogh

..light animates. It’s a soothing, therapeutic, exciting, thrilling, mutable force, and it plays itself out very directly on me, on my emotions.
Sam Abell

Simplify, simplify…simplify!
Harald Sund, photographer

Photographs take me.
Michael Bishop

Photography as the unique ability to communicate and articulate on a visual level unequalled by the written word. Still photography is reflective and emotional, words and even cinema tend to be more intellectual and cerebral; less from the heart.
Chris Rainier

Nature is not only what is visible to the eye – it shows the inner images of the soul – the images on the back side of the eyes.
Edvard Munch

A photo is an expression of an impression.
Ernst Haas

An artist chooses which subjects to portray; this is a way of praising…utlimately, one’s work is merely a magnifying glass offered anyone looking in our direction.
Friedrich Nietzsche

The technical aspects of design…can be produced efficiently by a computer – but design with delight, design with a glow, cannot.
Robert Sommer, The Mind’s Eye

One day a student asked his master, ‘What is the most diffiucult part of painting?’ He replied, ‘The part of the paper where nothing is painted….’
Quoted from Essential Zen, edited by K. Tanahashi and T.D. Scheider

Every artist is not a special kind of person. Every person is a special kind of artist.
Eric Gill

Each of us on earth is but a mosaic of a picture we will never see.
Ernst Haas

The less descriptive the photo, the more stimulating it is for the imagination. The less information, the more suggestion; the less prose, the more poetry.
Ernst Haas

The senses are poets.
Quote from L. Leshan and H. Margenau’s Einstein’s Space and Van Gogh’s Sky

Standing in a mountain stream I wonder why it is no one can speak as purely as the water sounds against the rock.
Ueshiba

The best equipment? Imagination!
Duane Michals

Creativity is not a possension; it is the interchange between ourselves and our world. Instinctively, we know communication is communion, and in the deepest sense we are inexorably bound not only to trees, but to rocks, the air, the water – to everything in the world around us.
James Baker quoted in John Sexton’s Listen to the Trees

White Pelican, Florida, photo by Brent VanFossenIn the beginner’s mind there are many possiblilities, but in the expert’s there are few.
Shunryu Suzuki, Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind

Go confidently in the direction of your dreams! Live the life you’ve imagined.
Thoreau

No matter how slow the film, Spirit always stands still long enough for the photographer It has chosen.
Minor White

Science tends to be more an intellectual exercise, tending to separate the observer from the observed. Art tends to intergrate the subject and the observer.
Story Musgrave

Good taste was always the worst enemy of art.
Marcel Duchamp

…the thing that art does for life is to clean it, to strip it to form.
Robert Frost

The closer one looks the farther one sees.
David Cavagnaro

You are lost the instant you know what the result will be.
Juan Gris

The purpose of art…is life, instensified, brilliant life.
Alain Arias-Mission

We are a landscape of all that we experience.
Noguchi

Art is the making of things well.
Coomaraswamy

There is no must in art because art is free.
Kandinsky

Sell your cleverness and buy enchantment.
Rumi

For me, the waiting is a time of preparation, a time of centering, a time of allowing the expected and the unexpected to manifest, and above all, a time of stillness.
J.D. Marston

There are places and moments in which one is so completely alone that one sees the world entire.
Jules Renard

Good photographic compositiion is merely the strongest way of seeing.
Edward Weston

The day, water, sun, moon, night – I do not have to purchase these with money.
Plautus

There is just as much beauty visible to us in the landscape as we are prepared to appreciate – not a grain more.
Thoreau

Newsletter: Digital Debate

Due to many recent changes in the Internet and our lives, we’ve discontinued our monthly newsletter.

Thanks to everyone who subscribed to our monthly newsletter. With the advent of feeds and feed readers, emailed newsletters are slowly becoming obsolete and redundant. To help readers keep up with the information on our site, we have dozens of feeds for readers to choose from, covering the whole site, site comments, and a variety of categories to narrow down your reading interests.

Thank you again to everyone who enjoys our site and our information and welcome to the future of the Internet: feeds!


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VANFOSSEN PRODUCTIONS NEWSLETTER
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Issue Date: September 15, 2003

Issue Number: 03

VanFossen Productions http://www.cameraontheroad.com

Editor/Publisher: Lorelle VanFossen lorelle@cameraontheroad.com

Online Version

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Welcome to the third issue of the VanFossen Productions Newsletter. This monthly newsletter is dedicated to providing information on nature photography and editorial writing. It is ideal for the nature photographer, nature writer, or someone with a foot in both camps. We cover environmental and nature issues, motivate and inspire your photography and writing, offer tips and advice, highlight others who are doing great things, and help you keep focused and motivated to do your best work.

This issue is dedicated to the digital camera and the risk-taking involved for many photographers to embrace new technology. We’ve included a huge listing of resources to help you, whether you are already a digital camera obsessed photographer or just getting started out. For those considering investing in digital, our featured article will help you understand just what you might be getting into. And keep an eye out for our next issue as it will be packed with a ton of information related to travel, part one of two issues on the subject. We’re making up for a lot of lost time!

NOTE: Our apologies and much appreciation goes to everyone who has waited so patiently for this third issue. We started out great only to have to flee Israel before Bush’s attack on Iraq. Living as “refugees” for over five months, we are finally back in Israel and getting restarted on all of our projects. We learned a lot living on the road again, living by our wits, and we’ll have plenty to share with you over the next few months. For more information on our adventures, or misadventures, check out our web site at www.cameraontheroad.com. Thanks again for all your patience!

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WHAT’S INSIDE

@PERSONAL NOTE – Living By Your Wits

@FEATURE ARTICLE – The Digital Wave – Lust or Must?

@LINKS AND RESOURCES – Digital Tips and Information, JPEG Virus Alert

@BE INSPIRED – Losing Bio-diversity, The Secret of Seeing

@WHAT ARE THEY DOING? – Hot Updates to Our web site

@NATURE PHOTOGRAPHY TIPS – Missing Inventory, Sleeve It, Digital Storage

@WRITING ADVICE – Copy and Backup, Digital Prose, More Than One Magazine, Languages

@XTRA XSPECIAL TIPS – Terrorist Alerts and Reports for the US

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@PERSONAL NOTE – Living By Your Wits

It amazes me how accustomed we can become to situations. Upon our arrival in Israel, we found it in relative peace and prosperity. The West Bank and Gaza Strip were open and accessible, with more than 80% of their citizens working good jobs within Israel, and Israel finally poised on the world stage as a “mature” viable economy and marketplace. Then the current Intifada (uprising) began in September of 2000, and our year of peace, security, and freedom in Israel was pretty much over. Brent and I, unaccustomed to life in a war zone, continued our work here, slowly adapting to the daily violence, riots, protests, attacks, and threats. While our family and friends freaked out about us being in a war zone, we learned to live using our common sense and keeping our wits about us.

In the fall of 2002, President Bush began his campaign against Saddam Hussein. Every other week came claims of the start of the impending war, with Israel as the retaliation zone. “If the US attacks Iraq, Iraq will attack Israel in retaliation.” Strange way of thinking, but this is what everyone here thought. After all, it happened before. Our fear level once again shot skyward and preparations began for evacuation and/or heading for the nearest bomb shelter. For five months we lived our lives ready to flee at any moment. We started by educating ourselves, taking classes on security and emergency preparation, learned how to use our gas masks and treat ourselves for chemical weapons, and how to proceed in case the city was evacuated. Even with all this information, we still prepared ourselves to evacuate from the country. Over time, while we didn’t exactly get used to the constant threat of war, we did adapt to the tension. In February, Bush’s threat was imminent, so we left for Spain, intending to vacation for only three weeks (Bush claimed it would be a fast strike). Traveling about Spain in a small rented motor home, we had the time of our lives, and once again learned to live by our wits, constantly monitoring the situation in the Middle East, waiting for the war to start, debating where to go and what to do based on finances and how fast we could get back to Israel when the war was over, and worrying about our friends left behind, all while trying to enjoy ourselves, too. After all, this was our first real vacation in years. When the war finally did start, it went on and on.

After six weeks in Spain, we flew to the USA, low on money and patience for this ongoing “quick” war. After all, it took only six days for the little weakling Israel to wipe out the entire joint forces of the Arab world in 1967, shouldn’t it take even less for the huge forces of the greatest powers in the world to get in and get it done today?

In the States, while our fear level for ourselves shifted and dropped, our fear for our friends in Israel remained the same. Now, it was a matter of when was it going to be over and when could we return to our “regularly scheduled programming”. Slowly, as the weeks wore on, again we adapted to the American lifestyle, a way of life we had left behind over four years ago. Our wits weren’t being tested as much wrapped in the security of “family”, but we still faced a lot of challenges, like getting back to Israel and our jobs.

Eventually, we did return, and life goes on. The stress level finally lowered to a moderate roar and “normal” has returned.

Yet something else happened. While living for months on the road by the “seat of our pants”, “on the edge”, and refugees from war, we felt a new sense of energy and passion for our lives and work. I wrote several articles on my laptop as we wandered around the north of Spain, and when the laptop fizzled, I bought a notebook and relearned how to use a pen again, writing over 15 articles in a couple weeks. Brent and I created a huge list of article ideas and concepts for future projects. We felt like inventors, our minds exploring concepts long familiar but seen in a new and refreshing light. The creative energy was amazing. We woke up every morning thrilled with our lives and ready for the day. We talked to each other constantly, sharing these new insights, pushing ourselves to do more each day. It was so exciting.

I share this with you not just to tell you the story of why this newsletter was delayed and to share our exciting lifestyle, but to get you to think about your own lives and work. At each point along the way, we struggled with our fears and expectations of the situation, learning to live on our wits. Over time, we slowly adapted and learned to live within the changes and restrictions the situation created, and our perspective on “normal” shifted. Since taking our lives on the road in 1996, we have left all sense of a narrow comfort zone behind, pushing ourselves beyond our capability for physical and mental self-imposed limitations. It seems like every week something happens to put us off-balance, shifting our perceptions, forcing us to adapt.

When we settle into a routine, the creative spirit seems to fade and grow dim. When we ran from possible war as “refugees”, we left our “comfortable”, stretched-out comfort zone in Israel, inviting new energy and enthusiasm into our lives. Living a life on adrenaline is no way to live, but a little bit once in a while cycles up the power engine inside.

When was the last time you lived by your wits, even for a very short time? Have you become complacent, accustomed to your way of thinking and doing? Is it working for you, or slowing you down? When was the last time you had a new sense of inspiration and felt motivated to dust off the camera and point it in a new direction or to sit down and pour out your knowledge with a passion into an article? Don’t let a war or becoming a refugee get you moving. How can you bring some new energy into your life and work? Think about it. And if you come up with some great ideas for finding new energy and enthusiasm, let us know and we’ll share them here and on our web site. Contact us at editor@cameraontheroad.com.

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TALK IT UP

Have you found something of value in this newsletter? Would you like to share it with others. Go on, forward it to a friend or two and encourage them to sign up. Just send their email address to us at newsletter@cameraontheroad.com and we’ll add them to the list. Word of mouth is a great thing. In fact, I bet there is something in this issue that will make for an interesting topic at the dinner table or around the office at work. That will start people talking!

Thanks for your support,

Lorelle and Brent

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@FEATURE ARTICLE – Lust or Must? The Digital Wave

Equipment lust drives many photographers to spend, spend, spend – more obsessed with the gadgetry than with understanding how the cameras and lenses see and capture the world around them. Is the attraction of digital cameras fueling the “lust for stuff” or a real need to stay competitive within the marketplace?

Digital cameras are here to stay, without a doubt. They are fairly easy to use, from a photographer’s perspective, lightweight and portable (in general), and have a lot more bells and whistles on them than most traditional cameras. There is something amazing about seeing your images before you leave the scene instead of waiting for the film processors to do their thing, giving you a chance to make changes and improvements on the spot. But is it time to totally switch to digital? Is film really dead? Before you start exploring the megapixel obsession of digital cameras, let’s consider some basic questions. Start with deciding if you are buying out of lust for the latest-greatest-bestest, or if this will be a serious change in your photographic format.

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF YOUR PHOTOGRAPHY?

Before you take out your wallet, consider the end result of your images. How you use your final images impacts your equipment choices. If you are selling your work to web sites and newspapers, then low resolution and moderate pixel quality will be acceptable, and a digital camera could be the ticket. If you will be making wall prints or murals of your images, you will want sharp, clear photographs, so consider staying with conventional films as they will enlarge best and still maintain their quality. In general, for good quality printed images, you need about 200 pixels for every inch of print size (200 pixels per 2.5 cm). For example, a 5×7 inch (12×17 cm) photo would need to be 1000 x 1400 pixels (1.4 megapixels), and 8×10 inch (20×25 cm) should be 1600 x 2000 pixels (3.2 megapixels). Going larger requires even better pixel quality. Image editing software usually helps optimize the image for the final print size, but for the best result, start with an excellent quality original. How you use your images, for sale or display, must be considered along with the level of image quality you desire.

WHO IS BUYING?

Photography, like any business, is about competition and meeting the needs of your marketplace. Honestly, is your market buying digital images? Answer this question carefully. Don’t assume. Just because they “should”, doesn’t mean that they do. Ask your photo buyers if they are accepting digital images. How are they accepting them, via disk, CD, DVD, or email? In what format? What resolution? What size? This information will help you determine if you need a digital camera, and what kind of a system will meet their needs.

Most magazine covers today are still produced using transparencies. Covers must be their brightest and sharpest to draw the attention of the buyer. Inside, smaller photographs may be digital, but larger spreads are still done with film. This also depends upon the quality of the publication. While National Geographic has started using digital images, their best photo spreads are still made with conventional equipment. Newspapers and weekly magazines (USA Today, Newsweek, Time) are falling in love with digital. Photographers can snap pictures and send them through satellite or cell phone hookups straight from the camera to the news studio, where the staff cleans up the pictures and puts them into the publication within minutes of the event. No more costly film, or messy and smelly chemicals associated with processing it. Just rows of computers clicking and beeping.

Check with your buyers to see what they want to buy, then meet or exceed their needs to keep ahead of the marketplace game. If they aren’t seriously buying digital, then you might consider waiting, saving your money as the technology improves.

WHEN IS THE RIGHT TIME TO JUMP INTO THE WATER?

Remember the big debate over Fuji and Kodak films? In the magazine industry, especially nature, Fuji won with their excellent renditions of natural colors on their slide film, and photographers switched, eager for the increase in sales. The ability of digital cameras to register and record color tonality and shifts is quickly improving, as is their ability for sharp definition and clarity. The human eye sees approximately 120 million pixels, and one frame of slide film records the equivalent of about 15 million pixels. Digital cameras currently record up to 6-megapixels (6 million pixels). Just as photographers benefitted from the competition between film companies, so will photographers benefit from the fast developing technology, allowing us to capture sharper, brighter and more vivid images.

Foveon, Inc., announced one such improvement at the end of 2002, a new image sensor which will help revolutionize the ability of digital cameras to record color. Currently, colors are broken up into separate “channels”, such as RGB and CMYK. Reproduction is limited to one color per pixel on the sensor’s surface, leaving the computer’s processing chip to “guess” at the missing colors and fill them in, creating “color shading”. The new X3 sensor will capture all three basic colors (red, blue, and green) on each pixel, varying pixel sizes to allow the user to capture both high-resolution still images (smallest pixels) and high-quality video (largest pixels for greater light sensitivity). Although the chip results in 3.54-megapixel camera, Foveon is reporting color photo detectors registering 10.3 million colors, far exceeding current color recognition. Sigma is the first manufacturer to sign up for the new technology. According to reports, this extremely high resolution should rival 35mm film with enlargements possible up to 30 inches (76 cm). For more information on the Foveon X3, see Foveon’s web site. Due to be released in the next six months, Sigma’s information on the SD9 camera states an estimated price of USD$3000. Improvements in this technology will result in increased megapixels and even better color recognition.

Foveon is not the only player on the block. Sinar, specializing in high-end digital and analog camera systems, has a 22 million pixel large format camera which uses full-frame CCD image sensors developed by Kodak. The KAF-22000CE offers new color pigmentation for improved color stability and a wider dynamic range. The improvements are coming faster and furious. Investing in quality digital system means money and timing. At what point are you willing to jump into the water and splash about?

HOW MUCH MONEY ARE YOU WILLING TO INVEST IN THIS?

Going digital isn’t just about the cost of the camera. There are a few accessories you will have to buy to take full advantage of your new digital camera. Like a new computer! Sure, a top of the line digital camera, like the Sigma SD9, may currently sell for about USD$3,000, but can the computer you are currently reading this newsletter on accommodate the system requirements of this camera?

The Sigma SD9 requires a USB or Firewire connection to the computer. Does yours have one? There are two types of USB connections currently available, a low speed and a “high” speed connection (USB 2.0). While the newer digital camera may work with the slower USB connection, you will get the best speed and benefit by having the faster model. Which do you have? Some cameras will connect to either USB or Firewire, but some will only connect to one type. You need to be ready for whichever connection the camera requires.

Adobe Photoshop ( http://www.adobe.com ), the most popular of the image-editing software on the market, recommends a minimum of an Intel® Pentium® III or IV processor, 192 MB RAM, 280 MB of free hard drive space to start, an 800×600 or better color monitor with 16-bit color or greater video card. I recommend you double, or better yet triple, these “recommendations” to meet and beat their minimum needs, giving yourself a computer that will last and not need replacing or massive upgrades for at least three years. While the camera may come with software, it is often a “lite” version and you will want the full version, so check the prices of Photoshop and other image-editing software.

Want to produce professional slide shows and presentations? There are several software packages to consider, ranging from fairly reasonable and easy-to-use to extraordinarily expensive and complicated, that allow you to put on a movie industry visual performance. Most people start off with PowerPoint, usually bundled in with Microsoft’s Office Professional Suite, an expensive software package, though it can be purchased separately for slightly less money. Macromedia Director is one of the better and more complicated programs (also expensive), but it does produce a program closest to what two or three slide projectors can manually produce in a fade/dissolve production. If you are serious about creating professional slide shows, don’t skimp on software. Spend the big money to get the quality software for the best quality program you can present. And don’t forget the equipment required to present your show. You will need good quality speakers and/or sound system, and to either buy or rent (or borrow) some form of projector and screen to display your program away from the monitor and a television screen.

Want to print those lovely pictures? Add a good quality color printer to your accessory list. You’ll need a lot of storage room for your photographs so make sure you have more than enough hard drive space. You’ll need to get the pictures off the computer, so make sure you have a DVD or CD-ROM burner or zip drive. Don’t forget to back up your pictures, so add to the price not only the burner, but an additional hard drive (for huge backups) and other backup resources like the new digital backup drives.

If you don’t have all this now, consider adding two to four thousand dollars to your camera purchase. All of this is going to cost you, so make sure you total up the entire package, including the biggest accessory: the computer.

HOW COMPUTER SAVVY DO YOU WANT TO BECOME?

Going digital doesn’t just mean learning how a new camera and lens works. It means learning how to adjust the image within the camera; transport the image from the camera to the computer; manipulate, adjust, change, switch, compress, decompress, zip, zig, and dink with your image inside the computer; and then send, print, or display your image to the rest of the world.

Remember how hard it was for you to learn “the bigger the number, the smaller the hole”? How about understanding reciprocity? Entering the digital age means learning about pixels, resolution, jpegs, interpolation, upsizing, MEG, GIG, RAM, RGB, CD-ROM, CD, CCD, CMOS, CYMK, DVD, and even more abbreviations and jargon. You have to learn how the camera works, how the software that transfers the image to the computer works, how the software inside the computer allows you to mess with the image to make it become what you want, and then fully understand what it takes to send the image to a publisher in a form that they can use. This could involve sending the image by email, as it is or in a compressed or zipped state (making it smaller), or burning a CD or DVD.

Within the image-editing software, you will have to learn how to do some familiar things from Darkroom 101, like dodging and burning, as well as new things like how to tweak, sharpen, shift colors, gamma shifts, clone, smudge, darken red-eye, cut and paste, and crop. To get the image out of your image software for transporting, you will have to learn about file types and converting from one file type to another.

If you’re already using a personal computer, you have a good head start. But is this what you signed up for when you entered the business of photography? To spend more time in front of the computer than out in the field? Think about it. Entering the digital world is exciting, but it has a high learning curve and it is time consuming.

HOW MUCH LONGER IS REALLY LEFT IN YOUR CAREER?

This is a valid but rarely asked question. Digital equipment is new, barely hatched. It still has to go through a lot of growing pains to tackle conventional films and equipment. And you may have your own growing pains, too. Honestly, expect several months of frustration and one to two years to become really proficient creating professional quality images.

Do you have this much time and money to invest at this point in your life? Should you be spending that time and money marketing and selling what you already have in your files? Should you be showing the world how awesome it is with your conventional equipment, or learning to speak another language and play a new instrument called digital?

Only you can answer this question. Sure, you are never too old to learn, but consider where you are putting your energies, and ask yourself if it is worth it. There is a cost for everything, and sometimes that cost is financial, and sometimes the cost is psychological. You decide. The market is still open to photographs made with conventional techniques.

EVERYTHING OLD IS NEW AGAIN

Fads and fashions are strange, yet predictable. They tend to repeat themselves. Recently, disco and 40s style music made a comeback (doesn’t that make you feel old?) Along with clothing styles from the 1940s and 50s. Even “hippie” is popular again. As many professionals are turning towards high-tech, many artists are turning back the pages of time to pin-hole camera techniques and grainy black and white prints. The more technological the mainstream becomes, the more retro the artists. I recently reviewed a photographer’s landscape work. He used the computer to make his images resemble the work of the Impressionist artists like Monet and Van Gogh, creating more paintings than photographs. There is room for all kinds of photographic techniques and styles today. If you have a particular style or skill, concentrate on that, and leave the digital to the digitally obsessed. There is room for everyone.

Speaking of “old”, the space probe, Galileo, was burned up in the atmosphere of Jupiter this month. In a discussion with NPR’s Talk of the Nation (Science Friday) commentator, Ira Flatow, Volcanologist Dr. Rosaly Lopes of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory explained that your cell phone is more sophisticated than the Galileo. The biggest problem NASA had was how to keep up with the old technology. As older people left the project, the new staff had to undergo special training programs to teach them the “ancient” assembly and programming languages not used today. The signal transmitter on board sent data at rates slower than the slowest computer modem. Even though the Galileo was behind the times, it sent back tons of data during its life’s span that is still being studied, revealing much about our galaxy that we just can’t learn while sitting on earth. There is still a lot to be learned from the “ancient ways”, and there are still people who want to, and need to, learn the old ways.

All of this doesn’t mean you have to stay with the old. It’s up to you which way to go, but consider the whole picture of your business. Besides, you can still fulfill your lust for equipment by purchasing your digital camera as a “second” camera, using it when times and situations call for a smaller, more portable camera, or when you need the images for fast publishing to a web site or to send via email. Or to have so you can get a jump start on learning how it all works so you are better prepared when the big jump to digital comes. Either way, the choices are yours.

Check out our Links and Resources section below for some great digital camera links!

WANT TO KNOW MORE ABOUT LORELLE AND BRENT?

The temptation of digital photography has long called to the equipment lusty hearts of the VanFossens. As one of the first nature photographers with a column in a webzine (now called “e-zines”), Lorelle VanFossen has long been affiliated with all things digital as a popular writer, speaker and presenter online and in the real world. Along with her husband, Brent, the two shed their urban skin to live on the road, cris-crossing North America for several years living in a trailer and now living in Israel and Europe. Their work has been regularly featured in many magazines and online sites such as Outdoor and Nature Photography, Shutterbug, Mountaineer, PSA, Compuserve, and more. For more information on their amazing life and work, visit their web site.

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@LINKS AND RESOURCES

DIGITAL CAMERA TIPS AND TECHNIQUES

DIGITAL NEWS/ZINES

!!!ALERT: JPEGS ARE NOW TARGETS FOR VIRUSES

Sending images over the Internet is very popular. One of the most popular graphic file types is JPEG, a compressed image file format that is efficiently transmitted and enlarged when opened by the recipient. A first in computer virus history, the Perrun virus infects data files, such as JPEGs, once thought impervious. Open an image with the extension “jpg” and you could get a virus. Soon arrived Sadhound which creates a combination “picture/executable” file with the extension “jpg.exe.jpg”, carrying a Trojan virus. Currently, these “concept viruses” don’t do much harm, and are more nuisances, but they are the first of worse to come. Researchers worry that the virus could easily be modified for MP3 files, affecting millions of music lovers worldwide. Make sure your anti-virus software is current and updated at least weekly. Avoid sending and accepting attachments from anyone unless you know in advance that it is coming. Some of these viruses are coming out so fast, anti-virus programs are having a tough time catching up.

If you are obsessive about viruses, you can keep up with virus warnings and solutions at the (US) National Infrastructure Protection Center at http://www.nipc.gov/ and click on CyberNotes, and also check out our list of recommended virus warning and hoaxes.

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“””””””””””””””””””@BE INSPIRED””””””””””””””””””

“Not since an asteroid smacked Earth 65 million years ago have animal and plant species died out so fast. We have no idea what we’re losing.”

Saving Bio-diversity – Earth Day 2000

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The secret of seeing is, then, the pearl of great price. If I thought he could teach me to find it and keep it forever I would stagger barefoot across a hundred deserts after any lunatic at all. But although the pearl may be found, it may not be sought. The literature of illumination reveals this above all: although it comes to those who wait for it, it is always, even to the more practiced and adept, a gift and a total surprise.

Annie Dillard, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek

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People Who Inspire Us

The world is a little dimmer as some stars in the photographic sky were lost to us this past year. Herb Ritts brought the world a unique and powerful visual experience through his portraits. In an interview, he said, “Feel your surroundings. Try and develop a style. Don’t get caught up in the technical side of things. Feel what is right in terms of light, subject and composition. Dare to experiment, catch a moment.”

Two other bright stars were dimmed. Galen and Barbara Rowell died this past fall in an airplane crash. Both were incredible nature photographers, pushing the limits all the time in what could be photographed as well as where and how. They showed us the real beauty of the world, for its protection and preservation.

You can honor these photographic greats and inspire yourself with their legacy at the Rowell’s web site http://www.mountainlight.com and Herb Ritts at Boston.com, Photography.net, and OCAIW’s Gallery of Herb Ritts.

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>>>>COMING NEXT MONTH

Hold onto your luggage, you are about to be swept away to a two month worldwide vacation – well, sorta. The next two issues are totally dedicated to travel, jam-packed with more information and resources than you can imagine. Sign up your friends and get ready to save these next two issues! They will help you make your travel plans better prepared, no matter where you are going.

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@WHAT ARE THEY DOING?

New on Our Web Page 2002-2003

During our six weeks wandering around Spain in a small rented motor home, and during our furlough in the United States, we have been busy with new updates and additions to our vast web page. Here are a few highlights!

  • SMOKE FREE TRAVELING: It is time for travelers to stand up and demand their right to breathe freely the exotic air in which they are exploring. Here are tips and information to help the traveling non-smoker.
  • TRAVEL TIPS and HELPERS: The “Taking it With You on the Road” series of articles at http://www.cameraontheroad.com/going.html has been revamped with new information and techniques to help you get your act together on the road. Check out our updated article on how to pack for the road. We’ve totally updated our page of helpful calculators and conversions covering physical measurements like pounds to kilos and miles to kilometers, distances between locations around the world, computing gas mileage, world time, sunrise and sunset, and much more. We’ve even added a calculation to give your velocity as a percentage of the speed of light. WOW!
  • TELLING TALES: We’ve also posted some new entries in our Telling Zone, the section where we share our tales of life on the road. Some will help you learn a little about life and the people we meet, and others will make you laugh and cry.
  • BASIC NATURE PHOTOGRAPHY WORKSHOP BOOK: We’ve decided to offer the entire text of our “How To? What For? Basic Nature Photography Workshop” class book online. The book features 11 chapters covering all aspects of nature photography including the basics of composition and lighting elements, camera and equipment descriptions and functions, exposure and metering, and digital camera tips and tricks, with exercises in each section. It is jammed with everything you need to get started understanding the basics of nature photography. We do hope you will attend our program in person some day soon, but in the interim, enjoy. An Acrobat Reader (PDF) version is now available for download and the online web page version on our web site.

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@NATURE PHOTOGRAPHY TIPS

WHAT ARE YOU MISSING?

When was the last time you did a serious inspection of your photographic image inventory? Set aside a few hours and go through your files of photographs. Update your inventory list, reorganize some of the files, maybe breaking them up into narrower categories. Pay attention to what you are missing. Are there some gaps in your inventory?

We have a huge inventory of bird images. During a recent reorganization of our bird files, we were surprised to find that we had only a few sea gull images. I’ve lived my whole life in the US Pacific Northwest, and sea gulls are part of our daily life. Yet we only had a few images. We had less than one sheet of decent images and an entire file slot set up for them. Matching assumptions with reality, we put sea gulls on our want list, moved the half page of images to our Shorebirds category, and got motivated.

What assumptions are you making about your inventory? Do you have lots of images of trees but none of tree bark or leaves? Do you have lots of wetland scenics but few images of the plant life found within? You might be surprised and inspired. Get to work!

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SLEEVE IT

While a lot of the world is going digital, don’t forget to take care of your original slide images when you send them off for publishing. Protect your images by enclosing them in individual plastic sleeves. These crystal clear, archival plastic sleeves slide over your transparencies and protect them from fingerprints, scratches and dirt. Even with the sleeves on the slides, they insert easily into slide pages, giving double protection. We recommend sliding the sleeves on from side to side and inserting the slide into the slide page top to bottom. This gives a tighter seal and better protection and allows for easy removal of the slides from the pages, grasping the top of the sleeve and pulling the slide out with the sleeve. Editors and photo buyers can view the slide without any problems, removing the sleeve only when they prepare the slide for scanning.

Our favorites come from The Kimac Company, (203) 453-4690, or email: info@kimacphotosupplies.com. You can also buy TransView Slide Sleeves from Light Impressions. Costing about a nickel each, take this inexpensive extra step to protect your precious images.

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STORE THEM PICTURES ON THE GO

Hooking up your digital camera to your computer to transfer a load of pictures all the time can be a pain, as can the cost of lots of storage cards. Card readers are now available which allow you to remove the CompactFlash, SmartMedia or PC Card from the camera and insert it into the reader to transfer the files, dragging and dropping the picture files to your preferred folders. When you are ready, or when the reader is full, you can transfer the files to your computer. Lexar Media makes card readers for both USB and Firewire ports. The Firewire reader transfers up to a fast 400 megabits of data per second. If you take a lot of digital pictures, the Firewire can save you time. ScanDisk offers USB readers which handle CompactFlash, SmartMedia cards, Memory Sticks, and MultiMediaCard/SD cards. PQI has developed a 7-in-1 USB 2.0 Card Reader which can read seven different types of flash storage media through a standard USB connection. It can hold up to one gig of data and accepts the new “xd picture card”. Most of these card readers sell for under USD$100. Other card readers are coming out all the time, with larger storage capacities. To keep up with the new technology, check out PC Magazine Online at http://www.pcmag.com, PC World Magazine at http://www.pcworld.com, and PCPhoto at http://www.pcphotomag.com.

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ALERT!! CD-ROMS ARE OUT – DVDs ARE IN

It’s been decided. Many of us store our images on read/writable (RW) and permanent “read only” CD-ROM, but the manufacturers and predictors of the computer industry are holding funerals for the CD as storage medium. It is being replaced by the DVD-R and DVD-RW. It makes sense. A CD holds about 700 megabytes of data and a DVD can hold 4.7 gigabytes. That’s a huge difference. Instead of 58 12-meg photographs being stored on each CD, you can store 391 photographs on one DVD. Be warned though, there are currently two types of DVDs available: Plus and Minus. It isn’t easy to tell which is which. They are labeled DVD-RW and DVD+RW. Easy to mistake for one other. Some of the top of the line DVD burners will read and write to both, but most will only work one version. Check your area office and computer suppliers to find out which are the most available in your area before investing in a DVD burner. The prices are dropping quickly, so now is the time to upgrade your machine and start saving space.

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@WRITING ADVICE

COPY COPY COPY BACKUP COPY
When it comes to your written or photographic work, make copies and backups. Sure, paper is costly and space-consuming, but when it is critical, print out at least one copy and put it where it will be safe and easily found.

To save paper, make digital copies. Don’t waste time saving your files to another folder on your hard drive. If the hard drive goes, it takes everything with it. Put your backups on a separate hard drive, or on removable media if you have it. Backup and copy files to CD-ROM, DVD, removable hard drive storage, digital disks, online storage, or to a separate computer or hard drive. Be smart about it. Do it regularly, and thoroughly. If you don’t have a good backup system or hardware, take time now to invest in one. Research your various options thoroughly, as technology is changing quickly. Save all your files weekly or monthly, depending upon the volume of files you create and the age of your computer system. The older, the more frequent, because a meltdown is as much a matter of time as luck. The more critical the file, the more often it should be backed up.

>>>>NOTE: In a future issue we will be thoroughly discussing backup options to preserve your precious data. Stay tuned…and alert your friends!

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DIGITAL PROSE

The editorial writer used to be limited to newspapers, magazines, and books, but now the world of the Web has opened up to all things written. As one of the first nature photographers with an online column, I’ve seen the technology and arena for online writing expand and bloat. The bloat comes from the fact that ANYONE can now be “published”, and it seems that EVERYONE wants to be published, whether or not their information is worthy. So much writing is published online, it feels impossible to compete with all the “noise”. But there is still a lot of room on the Internet for wonderful writing, and for selling your writing. Set aside an hour or so of each week this month to search the Internet for sales opportunities for environmental and nature writing and images. There are “tons” of zines and online sites eager for your written wisdom, it just takes some looking.

To help you get started, check out the following:

>>>COMING SOON: We are working on an entire issue dedicated to writers, stuffed with lots of resources to help you with your writing, from improving your style to selling your work. Spread the word to all your writer friends to sign up and stay tuned for some great tips and information!

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ONLY ONE?
Here is a trade secret. Most magazine publishers don’t just publish one magazine. Prowling around on the web site of the Magazine Publishers of America (MPA http://www.magazine.org/ ), I found that the United States hosts about 240 publishing firms with some 1,400 titles. Do the math. On average, most publishing firms have 5-6 publications. What does this mean for you? When you sell to one editor, find out if the company produces other publications. If your article idea doesn’t work for one, it might work for one of the others.

But the secret doesn’t end there. Your editor might be freelance and NOT on the staff of that publication. Ah ha! The plot thickens. Therefore, he or she might also represent other magazines. Find out about who you are working with and become “very nice” to them. You might find yourself with more doors opening than closing. In this industry, it really is who you know, not just what.

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LANGUAGES SHMANGUAGES
Dealing with foreign language issues living here in Israel and traveling abroad, we have a great deal of fun with the different interpretations of English we find. One weekend found us in Antalya, Turkey, staying on the seventh “kat” of our hotel. “Kat” is their word for “floor” but we had fun with it anyway. You can find more of our funny stories about English and living abroad.

English, we’ve learned, is actually a very complex language with many rules and forms dependent upon the culture and area of the world you happen to be in. There is American (US) English, British English, South African English, Zimbabwean English, Canadian English, and…well, Microsoft Word offers 18 different variations of English to choose from. WordPerfect has four by default, but others are available by download. For both programs, click Tools, then Language to change the language default settings. For more specific instructions, check HELP and type “writing tools” or “language”. For Canadian English, when you write “center”, it will recommend “centre”, and in British English, it will change “color” to “colour”. Be sure and use the right “English” for your publisher’s audience to help the publisher edit your work accordingly.

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@XTRA XSPECIAL TIPS
Every once in a while we find a little tidbit worth sharing, just for you.

TERRORIST ALERTS AND REPORTS
The word “terrorism” finds itself scattered across our newspapers every day. It affects where you go and what you do, adding a new worry to an already stressed out world. Get rid of the stress of the unknown and find out what is going on. The US government has set up an Emergency Email Network which sends out free email alerts to your computer, cell phone, or pager from local and national government sources. These will alert you to terror alerts, severe weather, local health emergencies, evacuations, and much more within the United States. You can get more information on terrorist alerts and warnings from the National Department of Homeland Security and the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) at http://www.nipc.gov. CNN also offers emailed “Breaking News” to keep you informed of potential trouble at http://www.cnn.com. I’m researching some international emergency email systems for our upcoming issue on travel. Stay tuned….

>>>>>TWO EXCITING TRAVEL ISSUES START NEXT MONTH < < < < < You're going to save this next issue, so get ready for a ton of travel links, resources, tips, and advice!!

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HERE IS ALL THAT LEGAL STUFF

*|* Copyright 2002, VanFossen Productions and Lorelle and Brent VanFossen. All rights reserved. You have permission to share this e-mail publication via manual forwarding by e-mail to others providing that 1) the e-mail is transmitted in its entirety (that means the WHOLE thing) and that 2) no fee is charged. Information in this document is provided “as is”, without warranty or endorsement of any kind, either expressed or implied, without limits. Broadcast, publication or storage, in any form, is strictly prohibited without the express written permission of Lorelle and Brent VanFossen. The user assumes the entire risk as to the accuracy and the use of this document. We will not be liable for any damages of any kind arising from the use of this information, including, but not limited to direct, indirect, incidental, punitive, and consequential damages, and just plain old meanness. We like playing fair, how about you?

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With over 250 articles on nature, nature photography, writing, the business or nature photography, travel, and a whole lot more, take some time to visit one of the largest personal web sites on the Internet. Visit us at http://www.cameraontheroad.com and find out what everyone is talking about.

Interested in back issues? We’ve posted all our issues on our web site and this is issue 3 in 2003.

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PhotoQuilts by Lorelle and Brent VanFossen

After receiving my first sewing machine as a birthday present while Brent and I were on the road across North America, I started experimenting with what I could possibly make. Soon I learned about making quilts, which led to making “watercolor” quilts, a technique of using fabric to “paint” images together. I created some interesting geometrics and landscapes using these techniques, working towards a time when I would be good enough to turn some of our photographs into fabric presentations.

Well, I haven’t had the time to create these fabric wonders, but I have started taking these same techniques and creating them digitally with our nature images. Treating single photographs as squares of fabric, I’ve duplicated, reversed, twisted and turned them into what I call “photoquilts”. We are now offering these for sale as note cards.

I’ve also put together a technical article on how to make photoquits so you can create your own.

Each category set costs PRICE TO BE DETERMINED plus shipping and includes 10 different note cards. You may purchase these by check or money order using our order form. The cards are printed with a color printer onto card stock and blank inside. If you would like to order some with custom messages, let me know. Click on each category to see which images are included in each category.

Trees
Water
Land
Wildlife
Foliage
Winter

Manmade
Flowers
Collection

This is a 10 Card sample from the other categories

Scrapbook of Our Life Living in Israel

We’ve collected up some of our pictures from our experiences and explorations of Israel to share with you here. We hope you enjoy these. If you are interested in our scrapbook from our life on the road and our family pictures, check out our general scrapbook page.

Lorelle and Doris dress up in Israel for PurimLorelle and fellow Uplan student, Doris, dressed up and celebrated Purim in Israel. Purim is not so much a religious holiday as a bible story holiday and it resembled Halloween as everyone dresses up in costumes. We were clowns. Unfortunately, Lorelle got a rash from the lipstick that left a rash in the shape of the smile on her face for two weeks.
Lorelle's Hebrew ClassLorelle’s Hebrew class on their last day. We had a huge party with dancing to Spanish popular music and teaching our teacher, Dina, to Salsa.
Lorelle's Hebrew Teacher, DinaLorelle’s Hebrew Teacher, Dina, celebrating the last day of class. She was certainly a joy to work with, making the task of learning such a hard language fun and enjoyable. She has since moved back to the United States where she lived for almost 20 years before returning to her homeland for a few years.
Brent and Lorelle at the Lebanon BorderOn a tour in Israel to the north and the Golan heights, another traveler took this picture of us at the Lebanon Border with Israel. A couple weeks later this became a hot spot of violence and media as Israel pulled out of Lebanon early, surprising everyone. For those who lived over 30 years in a “neutral zone”, with many of the citizens coming and going across the border to jobs in the nearby towns as there was little or no work to be had for many in Lebanon, this was very difficult and many lost their jobs when they couldn’t cross the border any more.
The Lebanese/Israel border, photo by Lorelle VanFossenA plaque is set up at the Lebanese/Israel border honoring those who died to protect this border. During the Six Day Way, much of the Arab world attacked Israel, including the Palestinians. While Israel was sort of surprised – okay, on several fronts they were really surprised – being attacked by Egypt from the south, Jordan from the east, Syria from the northeast, and Lebanon from the north, well, that was a lot to deal with. And Israel stomped some serious buns. They captured a good part of south Lebanon, part of Syria, a good chunk of Jordan, including all of Jerusalem, and the entire Sinai Penisula, which is like capturing Texas. That’s no small chunk of change. To keep peace with Egypt, they gave back the Sinai. To keep peace with Jordan, they gave back most, but not all of the “West Bank”. To keep peace with Lebanon, they gave back a little, but not much. To keep peace with Syria, Egypt and Jordan told King Hussian to shut up. To keep peace with the Palestinians, they gave them areas in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, gave the rest of them to Jordan, who took them semi-willingly (the Palestinians have long been considered the bottom of the barrel in the Arab world, but they have rights, too.), and let the rest leave or be put into refuge camps. From a non-political perspective, Israel did more than it had to to keep the peace. How many countries who conquer lands give them back? That’s not traditional thinking. And no matter what your perspective on the “Middle East situation”, you have to admit that Israel kicked some serious butt to win that much land in six days. Sure they had some help, but honestly, when was the last time you heard of a war doing so much in such a little bit of time. Can’t help but be a little impressed, right? Okay, sorta right.
Rabin Memorial in Tel Aviv, photo by Lorelle VanFossenThis memorial marks the spot where Itzak Rabin was assasinated. He had just given a speech on peace in the Middle East and the hope that he had that it would be finalized with the help of US President Bill Clinton within the next few weeks or so. The presentation took place from the big deck of the municipality overlooking a great square which is now named for the late Prime Minister of Israel. As he left the stage and shook hands with people waiting there as he moved towards his car, under full but lax security, a Jewish man came at him with a gun and shot him, injuring others too. He was caught and is still in jail, but Prime Minister Rabin was pronounced dead soon after. The crowd was in shock and the spot became an instant memorial as people placed flowers and candles there.

The memorial features lights glowing under large sculptured coals, symbolic of the burning embers of hope Rabin brought to Israel. Twice a year, on the Gregorian and Jewish calendar dates of the assasination in November, a memorial service is held in his honor in the square, now named Kikkar Rabin (Rabin Square), to remind everyone of the cost of peace, and the hope of peace.

Street in Tel Aviv, photo by Lorelle VanFossenThis is the street we live on in Tel Aviv. It’s called Dubnov, named after a famous Jewish poet who came here to Israel and helped create the State of Israel. We live on a beautiful city garden park filled with beautiful trees from all over the world, and a lovely fountain, as well as a small children’s park. The homes lining the nearby streets are old homes, but not the oldest in the city. Built mostly in the early 1950s, the original residents still live here with caretakers, or they have been rented out to middle aged folk. Most of the people still care about their gardens and plants in the building grounds and courtyards, as well as from their balconies. The colors are ablaze throughout much of the year with the temperate heat and humidity. It’s a peaceful and lovely neighborhood.
Signs of peace and commercialism in Tel Aviv, photo by Lorelle VanFossenSigns of peace and commercialism are part of the day-to-day building decorations in Tel Aviv and throughout Israel. One large sign declares Israel will not give back the Golan heights taken by Israel in the Six Day War of 1967. The sign reminds many that too much land won in that war and others have been returned as a price for peace. The flag of Israel hangs in the window of many homes and off balconies. Blatant patriotism is the norm here in Israel.

Below the apartment building windows, the stores which line the street feature all the commericalism that comes with a democratic and capitalistic society. They are selling Coca Cola and Agfa film among other goodies.

Counting the dead in Israel from the Intifada of 2000-2001, photo by Lorelle VanFossenIn Kikkar Rabin (Rabin Square) a block from our home in Tel Aviv, not long after the current Intifada began a hunger protest group set up a tent in the square and started counting the dead on a huge sign where all the traffic driving by could see it. Watching the number go up day after day, it’s unnerving. They also “planted” white plastic silouettes representing the dead in flower pots with sand. Some people brought flowers and little toys and ornaments to place in the pot. We watched this White plastic silouettes mark the number killed in the Intifada in Israel, photo by Lorelle VanFossengrowing crowd of white human outlines grow as the weeks turned into months. After three months the tent and silouettes were removed. I wonder, with the number now over 500, how much of the square would be filled with the potted people now?
The birthplace of Mary, Jesus's mother, photo by Lorelle VanFossenTucked away in a rarely visited spot along the Via Dolorosa in the old city of Jerusalem is the birthplace of the mother of Jesus, Mary. This is her parent’s home, located now in the basement of an apartment building near Lion’s Gate, the start of Via Dolorosa.
Riding the camels in Mamshit, Israel, photo by Lorelle VanFossenThey say you can’t come to the Middle East without riding a camel, but we’re here to tell you that you can. But we did it anyway. It was fun. Mamshit Camel Ranch is open to tourists on organized tours and is located in the south of Israel, in the northern reaches of the Negev. You ride a camel through the wadis (valleys) and get some very interesting tips and information on how camels are used in the desert, then partake in a “true” Beduion style lunch. I’m not sure how true it was, but it was enjoyable. If you have nothing else to do for a day in Israel, this could be a great brainless adventure. Check with United Tours or Egged Tours for information. Great for the kids.
Closeup photograph of the Israel SheqelsGoing overseas means getting used to money that is different from our own. We have really grown to like the Israeli Sheqel (or Shekel) as each denomination is very distinct in colors from the others and color coded on the ends so you can quickly tell which bill is for which amount. Red is 20, orange is 50, and blue is 100. Currently, the sheqel is about 4 to the US Dollar.
Carmel Caves, Israel, photo by Lorelle VanFossenVisiting Israel is like stepping back into time, but not always through the footsteps people associate with Israel. People associate religion with Israel, but I found older history in Israel overlooked by tourists. In the northwest of Israel you will find the Carmel Mountains. In the foothills facing the sea, not far from the town of Zikhron Ya’akov, you will find the Carmel Caves, better known as Hahal Me’arot Nature Reserve. These caves represent more than 150,000 years of continuous human occupation and, basically, civilization. If you want to really step back through time, this is the place. Excavated in the 1920’s by an all female archaeological team led by Dorothy Garrod of Englad. They found both Homo sapien and Neanderthral skeletons here, evidence that both lived here. This raises all kinds of questions about the relationship between the two groups and whether or not they lived together simultaneously. There is a well done movie in the largest cave, the Nahal, which gives you the feeling of really stepping back in time to understand what life was like by the earliest people on the planet. And you think you have problems living today? Imagine being threatened by great monster creatures and being dependent not on whether or not the local grocery store is open but by the weather conditions. I would put this near the top of things to explore in Israel. It only takes an hour or two and is well worth it.
Notes stuffed into the cracks of the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem, photo by Lorelle VanFossenThere are a lot of emotions associated with visiting the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem. On one hand it is another step back in time by its symbol of the ancient Jewish Temple destroyed not long after Jesus Christ walked through it throwing money changers out of the temple, as well as its symbolic nature to the Jews. On the other, it is a circus to see the bobbing and weaving of the different Jewish sects and how they worship and pray at the wall. The segregation of men and women still cracks me up. Men on one side (the larger side by the way) and women crammed into the other side with a flimsy wall between them. From another perspective it is a work of art as all the visitors wear all kinds of clothing and colors from jeans and t-shirts promoting a favorite Hard Rock Cafe to punkers with purple hair, to Ashkenazi Jews in their colorful scarfs and prayer shawls to Haradim Jews in their clothing perserved from the Ghettos of Poland in heavy wool fabrics of black and darker black with black mink or felt hats strapped to their heads. It’s a parade.

People who visit the Wall often bring notes with prayers, wishes, dreams, or thoughts written on them. They stuff them into the cracks of the wall as if the wall represents a telegraph service straight to God’s ear. There is also a web site or two on the Internet where you can email your note and the service will stick it into a crack in the wall for you without you ever visiting Israel. Modern conveniences, huh?

Jewish graves abandoned next to the old city of Jerusalem, photo by Lorelle VanFossenAround the old city of Jerusalem are many burial grounds, both for the Jews and the Arabs – of all religions. Some are maintained in glorious fashion while others are left as abandoned historical ruins. They help give Jerusalem, at least in the old parts of the city, the air of ancient history.

The Jews, and most Arabs, bury their dead above ground, as per tradition dictated in religious teachings and writings. Historically, this tradition has been in place for thousands of years in the Middle East as little of the ground is condusive to digging and burial, with much of it hard stone. With little choice, the people were left to bury their dead covered by rocks or within stone tombs or caverns.

Penguins invade Tel Aviv, photo by Lorelle VanFossen
Throughout the summer of 2000, Penguins invaded Tel Aviv. Sounds like a horrible headline, doesn’t it? But it is the truth, as surreal as it sounds. A software company here in Israel wanted to attract attention and make a goodwill gesture to the city, so they purchased well over 100 plastic 6 foot (2 meters) tall opaque penguins and over 100 artists took over from there. The artists created penguin masterpieces. These artful penguins were distributed around the city throughout the summer. People had great fun with them. They created treasure hunts to see who could find the most penguins, or specific penguins. The one with antennas poking out of it’s head like a hi-tech punker was a favorite of mine. As was the one totally wrapped in ace bandages and standing in the frame of a wheelchair with crutches under its arms. You would walk along the street and there on the corner would we a human sized penguin with psychodelic paint on it. Great entertainment. An audition of the penguins was delayed when the Intifada began in the Fall, so they were still here when my mother came to visit in February 2001. They were gathered together in the square outside of the Tel Aviv Art Museum where the auction was held. It was amazing to see all these overdressed penguins in one of the hottest places in the world.

These penguins in the photograph stood guard in Kikkar Rabin (Rabin Square) not far from the hunger strike tent.

Election banners from the 2001 Israel Election, photo by Lorelle VanFossen
With a total lack of confidence in Prime Minister Ehud Barak after the start of the Intifada in October 2000, the Kinneset (Israel Congress) pushed and shoved Barak until he resigned. Left without a Prime Minister, an election was held in February between Barak and the eventual winner, Ariel Sharon. As wearing as the election process can be on its citizenship, Brent and I agreed that we think the US and other countries should follow the process Israel uses to elect their officials. The campaigning is not allowed to begin publicly until about six weeks before the election date. In the USA, we are assaulted by 18 months of ad campaigns, negative blasts, television debates, endless news stories, and massive propaganda, until you really don’t care who wins as long as they stop talking. Which probably accounts for the recent bizarre US election between Bush and Gore. If that wasn’t apathy as its finest, I don’t know what is.

So Israel only had to suffer through six weeks of intense campaigning, and this was an emergency election, too. Fairly simple and easy. Complicated, sure, but the process was made simple by the shortage of time. Unfortunately, unlike the rules in many states and cities about the campaigning parties being required to clean up their signs and posters, there are no such enforced rules here in Israel and the signs hung in the sun until they literally fell down rotting in the dirt.

Alex Ivershin stands outside the Post Office in Tel Aviv, photo by Lorelle VanFossenI started teaching English to a couple of Russians here in Tel Aviv in the Fall of 2000. Alex Ivershin was my first student. Of course, Lorelle don’t do nothing normal, so our teaching classes involve taking walks, shopping, and lots of just plain silliness. Here, we went to the Post Office to pick up a package from Lorelle’s mother for Christmas. Alex holds it proudly, excited about every opportunity to practice English that he can get.

Alex is a child heart surgeon and anesthesiologist from nearly Vladivostock. He and his family wanted to get to Canada, but Israel is easier. So this is a stopping off spot on their path to Canada, as it is for many Russians. Unfortuately, here in Israel his medical training and certificates are not recognized, and they are certainly not honored as he doesn’t speak Hebrew well enough. He took 6 months of Hebrew school, but his heart wasn’t really in it. So he learned the word “detour” in English because while once he thought he would be a doctor for his whole life, he now cleans apartment buildings and does manual labor while waiting for approval to go to Canada. There he might be able to work in some kind of medical facility, but it could be that his doctor days are over. An interesting life detour, but life in Russia is so bad, many take anything they can to escape.

Men pray at the Wailing Wall, photo by Lorelle VanFossen
The Wailing Wall in Jerusalem is divided into two sections for men and women. There are chairs lining the flimsy wall on the women’s side dividing the two groups. Many women stand on these to see the men and young boys praying at the wall. There are no chairs on the men side looking over to the women’s side. From these chairs I stood up and photographed the many men in their different traditional and religious outfits preparing to pray at the Wall.

As a side note, For more than 12 years a group of women took their case through the courts to get the right to pray in the traditional male fashion. Last summer (2000) they won the right to pray in this traditional fashion. Good for them. The case is under appeal, so who knows what the future holds, but it shows an amazing persistence as these women have held a 24 hour vigil at the Wall for more than 12 years for the right to practice this way.

Brent and Lorelle on the bow of a boat crossing the KinneretA fellow passenger sent us this picture, a moment of togetherness as we sailed across the Sea of Galilee, also known as the Kinneret, in Israel. The Kinneret is a major source of water for Israel. The source, the Jordan River, gets its water from the snows of Mt. Hermon which once was in Syrian hands and after the Six Day War, it now belongs to Israel. Unfortunately, the rest of the water for the lake comes from rain. The past few years have been horrible for rain levels. Terrible drought conditions keep the water level of the lake low, but the biggest problem is the tremendous impact of the country’s citizens.

Arab law of the land states that if the land is occuppied and “in use” it is “owned” by the occupier. In an attempt to work within Arab law, as well as to create a “force” by population, Israel has worked hard to occupy every milimeter of the country and open its doors to just about anyone and everyone, especially those who claim Jewish descent. As of 2000, it is estimated that there are over 6 million people in the country, the most this land has ever hosted. And everyone needs water to survive, as well as water their gardens, make their fountains pretty, and wash their cars. Unfortunately, the Kinneret is now way below its lowest level in recorded history.

In the summer of 2000, a group of rabbis went out in a boat to pray for rain. Anything that works. So far, the spirit isn’t moved and the drought continues.

Books on Selling and Marketing Nature Photography Images

There are a lot of books we recommend to help you “sell” your work. Some of these are related to photography, but a lot are not, as the technique of selling isn’t limited to any specific category, and the more you know, and the more diverse your selling techniques, the greater your sales.

We have now made it easier for you to get these wonderful books through Amazon.com. If you don’t see the link or picture of the book, hit your REFRESH button or the F5 key to reload the page. If you have a comment or recommendation to us, please let us know in the comments below.



Writer’s Digest Photographer’s Market
The key book for anyone wanting to sell their images in any market, from galleries to stock agencies, this is the book you must have. Produced annually, the Photographers Market is a condensed set of guidelines and want lists from the photography buyers. They tell you what they want, what format they need it in, and how to reach them and meet their needs. Essays are scattered through the book, educating as well as informing. This directory book is extensive, and overwhelming at first. Narrow your search to your specific product line, be it photo stationery or editorial images. To broaden your market, check the other related categories, but start small to begin. Even though this book is produced annually, it’s final deadline for information is months in advance of the publishing date, so while they work hard to have the latest information inside, it isn’t always current, so call or email before approaching a new market to get the most current names and addresses and such.


Rohn Engh
Few have cornered the market on providing information about the business of photography than Rohn Engh. From his weekly newsletters and alerts to his comprehensive books on the subject, if you want to know the business that goes on behind the camera, this hyperactive gentleman has the resources for you. Sell and Re-Sell Your Photos: How to Sell Your Pictures to a World of Markets a Mailbox Away is one of his bestselling books, now in its fourth edition, teaches you how to make your images go a long way and how to increase your marketing efforts. PhotoStockNotes is Engh’s newsletter filled with tips, information and editorial commentary on the state of commercial and nature photography. An up-to-date resource for tax information, permits and licenses, and other business issues that directly impact photographers.

Big Bucks Selling Your Photography, Cliff Hollenbeck, Hot Shot Productions/Seattle
Designed for the commercial photographer, this book includes plenty of good information and resources for marketing your work and negotiating sales.
How You Can Make $25,000 a Year with Your Camera (No Matter Where You Live), Larry Cribb, Writer’s Digest
Part of the “Make $25,000 a year” series featuring writing and photography, this book may not be the solution to all your dreams, but the work ethics, tips and techniques for promoting your business and networking are excellent.
Selling Photographs: Determining Your Rates and Understanding Your Rights, Lou Jacobs, Jr., Amphoto
Exactly what the title says, this outstanding handbook helps you figure out pricing for different uses and sales, including for print sales market as well as commercial work.
Where and How to Sell Your Photographs, Arvel Ahlers, Amphoto
A general informational guide of selling your images, mostly in print form but others are covered. Includes good resource referral information.
Selling Nature Photographs, Nobert Wu
One of the world’s finest underwater and nature photographers, Norbert Wu tackles the business of photography to help you set up your nature photography business and maximize the selling potential of your images.

The Professional Photographers Guide to Shooting and Selling Nature and Wildlife Photos, Jim Zuckerman, Writer’s Digest Books
Great guide for the amateur who wants to move on to professional status and includes good how-tos on wildlife and nature photography, as well as rights and ethics. Includes information on writing a query letter and establishing a market.
More Books on Selling Photography and Selling in General







 

Networking – Casting Your Net-work

“How are you?” “Fine. You?” “Fine.” End of conversation. Oh, yeah, there’s the babble about the weather and the latest sports scores, but the conversation often dies right after the last “fine”.

Networking is about talking. Talking about what you are doing. Without talking about what you’re doing, no one knows what you’re doing. How do you get past the “fines” to actually sharing what you are really doing?

Getting Past the Fines

First of all, throw away the “fines”. Or keep them but don’t stop there. People really don’t want to know how you are “feeling”. They want to know how you are “doing”. Feelings are tough to talk about and activities are much more interesting, though manners obligate us to ask about feelings instead. So skip the feelings and get to the activities and make everyone much more comfortable.

“How are you?”
“Great! We’ve just booked 20 towns on our North American speaking tour for next year. Exciting isn’t it?”
“Wow, that’s great!”
“What have you been working on?”
“I picked up an editorial assignment for National Geographic.”
“Congratulations!”

This is networking. I tell you what I do, you tell me what you do, and together, maybe we can discover more information to help us both do what we do and do more of it.

Continuing with our show, imagine Speaker One walking over to Speaker Three and Four at the same social function.

“Hey, did you hear about Speaker Two? She’s picked up an assignment with National Geographic!”
“That’s great. I was just telling Speaker Four here about my gallery exhibition.”
“That’s wonderful! What an honor. We enjoy working with galleries. We’ve taught our photography programs at galleries and enjoy working with them.”
“They are great to work with. I bet this gallery would love one of your programs. The owner of the gallery Fred Smith. Why don’t I call him for you and tell him about you?”

Bingo, networking pays off. By sharing the excitement of what you and others are doing, people want to share back. Through that process, we pick up leads and information that can bring us business.

I don’t know what to say

Conversation is often seen as something “hard.” It doesn’t have to be. First, plan what to tell people before you arrive. Practice it. Make sure it is concise and understandable, and make sure you have all the facts. If you want to talk about a specific event, have all the dates, times, and location information at the forefront of your mind. Tell people about the exciting things you are doing so word will spread, and make yourself interesting so people will want to get to know you and be around you. The more people are interested in you, the more they are likely to want to do business with you or send business your way.

Ask questions. Make a statement and then ask another question. In the first example, the statement was followed by the question, “Exciting, isn’t it?” Responses create dialog. Keep people talking about themselves. As interesting as you may be, people will find you more interesting if you let them talk about themselves. This process is called “active listening.”

Active Listening

“How are you?”
“Great! We have a new gallery exhibition coming up.”
“Where?”
“Xations Gallery in downtown Seattle.”
“An exhibition. Great exposure, isn’t it?”
“It is, and a lot of hard work.”
“An exhibition takes a lot of work to put together, doesn’t it?”
“It sure does. We have to get all the work matted and framed.”
“How are you getting the work framed?”
“I really like working with Framer and Sons. I’ve been with them for 15 years.”
“Sounds like they are really good. We have some photographic work on rare trees in the Olympic National Park that I’d like to get framed for an exhibition. Can you recommend this company?”
“Sure, they’re great. What kind of trees do you photograph?”

Active listening means really listening and repeating back what the person said, in a way that shows your interest, but also keeps them talking. By echoing back their comments in the form of questions, you “guide” the dialog, eliminating dead air space. Unconsciously, people believe in equal time, so the more time you “listen”, the more likely they will be interested in hearing about you, once they finish going on and on. By “guiding” the conversation, you can bring the topic around to you, and what you are doing.

It’s a very small world out there and they say that you are six people away from knowing anyone on the planet. Therefore, the more people you know who know what you are doing, the more business you have the potential to attract. Get out there and stop the “fines” and just talk it up.

Ten Words or Less

“So, what do you do?”
“I’m a photographer.”
“Oh, that’s nice. What do you take pictures of?”
“Well, a little of this and that. I like animals.”
“Animals, hmmm? Oh, excuse me, I need to see Mr. Muirinteresting.”

Sound familiar? This is how most of us meet people. It’s time to change that. People really want to know what you do, not how you are or how you feel. People hunt everyday to find connections in society. Knowing how to introduce yourself and your abilities helps them make the connections they need, and the ones you are desperately seeking.
In a social situation, you don’t have time to list your resume, and being vague, as we’ve seen, certainly doesn’t encourage people to investigate your possibilities. You have to be concise and entertaining in the way you present “who” and “what” you are and do in ten words or less.

“So, Alice, what do you do?”
“Well, I do a little bit of this and that. Nothing special, mind you, but I like taking pictures. Of nothing in particular, but I do like animals. Fuzzy ones, but then I will photograph birds sometimes, you know, just to keep my hand in. And I like traveling so I take a lot of pictures when I travel, but I don’t often travel to nature places so I don’t do animal pictures when I travel, I usually do travel pictures…

Why ten words?

People in social situations are anxious to meet a lot of people and not get locked in a corner with one person. By keeping your introduction short, and establishing your credentials quickly, you invite the other person to do the same. From there, you can get on with the business of finding out who can use who. By keeping it to ten words or less, you’ve presented yourself in a clear, concise, and professional manner.

In business, a mission statement is a sentence or paragraph a business creates to describe what they do. It is used to get bank loans, put on stationery, and post on the wall. It is a tool that introduces the company and its business standards to the customer. Your introduction is like a mission statement. It tells your listener who you are and what you do.

More importantly, it keeps you on track. In photography it is easy to get distracted with the latest new camera or gimmick. Sure, you can diversify your business, but you still need to keep your focus on your goals. By knowing who you are and what you do, you create a filter through which to run your business efforts. Ask yourself “is this part of my mission statement?” or “Is this part of my purpose in photography?” If your photography business is important to you, staying focused and on track with your business is crucial to making it a success.

The concept of “ten words or less” doesn’t mean that the counting starts with word one. It usually starts after, “Hello! My name is Fred Smith and I…” That’s when the counting starts. Sure, some people will have 8 words, some 13, we’re just offering a round number to help you streamline your introduction.

The Ten Words or Less Form

Grab a pen and print out the 10 words or less form to do the following exercises. This form will help you establish your mission statement or “10 words or less” presentation. Though it will take about 20 minutes, take your time and go through the process thoroughly. Be as specific as you can. Use brainstorming techniques, and even involve friends and family if you would like. This must be “your” personal statement about your photography and the business angle you have chosen.

What do you do?
List what you do. Be specific. If you photograph only animals, what kind of animals? Wild ones? Animals in captivity? Domestic animals? Only furry animals? Only ones larger or smaller than a dog? Or do you say you photograph animals when you really spend most of your time photographing butterflies? If you photograph people, then what “kind” of people do you photograph? How do you photograph them? Portraiture? Street scenes? Weddings? Write everything down that describes what you do.
Whom do you want to sell your work to?
We often think about the process of photography and not the end result. A widget factory makes widgets for SOMEONE, right? Whom are you making your photographs for? If it is just for you, then you don’t need to know about the business side of things. If you want to make some money, exhibit your work, or have some goal which involves presenting your work to others, who is your audience? What kind of galleries would show your work? Fine Art? Modern? Will you only sell to magazines or the stationery market? Do you only do fine print work for people to put on their walls? Who will look at it? Children? Old people? Business and professional people? Cultured art critics? Or just normal everyday people? Write down everyone who will see your work and describe them if necessary.
What reasons do you have for wanting to do this?
You’ve examined what you do and who will see your work, but what are the real reasons behind your photography? Is it for the money? For the fame? Or is there a deeper reason? For personal fulfillment or artistic release? Is it because the camera calls to you and demands your attention? Is there some connection between you and the final images or is the process of making the pictures more important? Define the reasons you are doing this.
Explain in one sentence what you do, whom you sell to and why you are doing it
This is the time to let go and write it all down. Take everything you’ve written so far and turn it into a sentence. Play with it. Write it all out then edit it a bit, just get it into sentence form based on your conclusions so far.
Edit the above sentence to the most important elements in order of importance.
Write down the ten (more or less) words that jump out at you, make you feel whole and complete inside. Refine the long sentence to the things that connect within yourself:

Is this what I really do?
If you find yourself listing things you don’t really do or don’t want to do, give that some thought. Are you really doing things you don’t enjoy? Are you hoping that someday you’ll get around to photographing butterflies while you spend all your time photographing dogs? If so, look at the reality of your situation. If you have stacks of dog pictures and only two butterfly images, what are you really doing?
Is this what I want to do for a long time?
Remember that whatever you say you do, the odds are you may be doing this for the rest of your life.
Can I do this?
Can you really keep your word and do this kind of work and photography? Can you meet the customer’s demands and needs? Will it keep you interested and enthused or will it bore you after a few months?
Who will buy?
To sell something you must have a buyer. What kind of people want your work? Need your work? Where are they located?
Why will they buy?
Think about the reasons someone would want to spent their hard earned money on your work. What needs will you fill by providing your photography to them? What makes your work special or unique?
Am I repeating myself?
Watch for redundancies. Sometimes we get so caught up in the “words” we forget that we are saying the same thing but in different ways. “I’m an architectural photographer specialized in photographing buildings.” or “I’m an artistic photographer who creates fine art photos for the art market.” Clean up the repetition to state clearly what you do.
In “ten words or less” answer the question: What do you do?
Take your condensed list and put it together in a sentence of about 10 words or less explaining to the listener what you do:

  • What do you do
  • Who will buy it
  • Why you do it

Final Sentence

Once you have your ten words or less sentence, try it out on friends and family. Maybe they have no idea what you really do. Ask them if they understand what you do and feel that this really explains it clearly to them. If not, go back to the form and refine it further, making adjustments where needed. A mission statement or statement of purpose is not a stagnant piece of work. It’s alive and growing as you grow and change. Find what works for you. Then go out and give it a try professionally and watch the response!

Let us know how this worked for you by commenting below. And if you would like to share your ten words, please do.

Managing Your Photographic Images

slides on a light tableMonday, Time Magazine calls you for a photograph of an American Alligator with his eyes poking out from the water. They have to have it by Wednesday. You hang up the phone and stand in your once-a-bedroom-now-an-office and think, “Now, where did I put that?”

When a client calls, can you find what they need? Can you find it quickly? How do you store your work? Is it easy to get to? Or do you have to move boxes of unedited film and junk to get to your files? Do you have a way of tracking what image is with which client?

At the start of your photographic career you may only have a couple hundred images. As you expand your creative horizons, your inventory of images quickly expands to thousands. Not all are worth saving, but most are, and you have to find a place to put them along with a method of finding the image you need when you need it. You also need to devise a method to keep track of where each image is when it leaves your files. When developing your storage system, you also have to plan for it to grow with you over time. It must be flexible and accessible because Time Magazine doesn’t like to be kept waiting.

Designing the Storage System

Whether starting your storage system early in your photography career or in the middle, you have to create a system that fits your specific needs. Your system should take into account:

Barometer Awareness
When planning your office and storage space, take into consideration the temperature and humidity of the room throughout the year. High humidity can mean warped prints and slide mounts and may invite mildew. Extreme light and heat isn’t good for any kind of film; the best conditions are cool temperatures and low humidity. To protect your images for many years, watch out for dust and moisture of any kind.
  • The type of film you use
  • How best to store and protect it
  • Office space
  • How to best access your images.

The storage system for a commercial photography business may differ from one for someone who only produces slide shows or workshops. If you do assignment work rather than produce individual images, you may want to group your work by assignment. If your images are for a variety of uses, create a flexible system to accommodate those different needs.

Your film medium sets much of the standard. If you use print film, prints should be stored flat to prevent curling and negatives should be stored in protective plastic sleeves or pages. Do you want to store the prints and the negatives together or separately? Do you want the prints in folders or boxes? What kind of boxes? What kind of shelf space do you need to accommodate them? An old shoe box is probably not the best method.

Slide pages make for efficient storage.With slide film there are normally no prints to store, but how do you store the slides? In the boxes they arrived in? In slide trays? In slide pages? Do you put the slide pages in notebooks or in file folders? Or just put them in boxes? The most common method of storing slides is in slide pages: twenty images per page. Ten to fifteen slide pages fit in a file or Pendaflex hanging folder, so each folder stores about 300 slides within an inch or two of space in a box or file cabinet.

While many photography shops offer film storage supplies, Light Impressions is a mail order company specializing in museum and art storage supplies for various storage systems and uses. Their products are of excellent archival quality and durability, protecting your investment over time. Their helpful catalogs and web pages can assist you in putting your storage system together.

Accessing Your Images

Go Sideways
A little calculation found traditional vertical filing cabinets took up more “space” in the room while horizontal cabinets hug the wall like book cases. Horizontal filing cabinets are like bureau drawers, the folders fitting in sideways to the front of the cabinet. Many such cabinets feature slide out shelves providing extra work table space. If space is at a premium, check out the different options like mobile filing systems (move to allow access), rotating filing cabinets, and other options that you can find on the web and through your local office supply dealer.

How you search through your images by hand dictates the way you should store them. Use a method that is comfortable for you. When storing their images in slide or negative pages, many people work from a stack of pages and hold each over the light table as they go through them. Some people like to store slide pages in notebooks.Plastic storage pages are slippery and tend to slide around as you work with them, and you have to find a way to store the pages. If you store them in notebooks, you have to take them out of the note book in order to view them on a light table, and returning them means lining up the binder holes to get the pages back in, which is time consuming and cumbersome for many people. Most people use filing cabinets, as they efficiently store the most in the least “room” space. Using hanging folders (Pendaflex) keeps the pages from slipping down in the cabinet, potentially damaging them. With catalog tags you can easily organize your work in the folders and drawers.

When working with prints, you can use boxes or drawers to organize and store your work. Which one you choose depends upon the space you have in the room, the cost, and the flexibility towards growth. Drawers, especially those designed for prints and architectural drawings, are great for storing prints, but are not always easy to “add to”. You only have so much space for drawers, while boxes can be stacked up and around in different places. Is a box easier to pick up and move to a large table or work space for going through the images, or can you pull out the drawer and do the same thing? Think about how you will use it, sort through it, and how to make the process fast and easy.

Categorizing Your Images

Make a list of what items you photograph and write them down.With the storage system set up, it is time to figure out how you want to keep track of your images. How do you want to find your images? By subject, by date, by season, by project…there are many choices. Begin by starting simple and inventory what you already have.

Is this a picture of a mountain, lake, rocks, or Alaska? Portage Lake, Alaska, photo by Brent VanFossenWith the storage system set up, it is time to figure out how you want to keep track of your images. How do you want to find your images? By subject, by date, by season, by project…there are many choices. Begin by starting simple and inventory what you already have.

Do your arranging on paper first before you start moving your images around. Make a list on paper and note what types of images you have the most of and sort them into those larger groups. Start vague and then work down to specifics. Think about your work. What subjects are you drawn to? Do you find yourself photographing more birds than mammals? More amphibians than insects? More man-made subjects than nature?

On paper and checking against your image inventory, begin with main subjects, like animal, earth, water, sky, and man-made. If you find you have no images of anything in the sky, like lightning or clouds, then drop that category. If you find lots of landscape images grouped under “earth”, examine what kind of landscape images you have and whether or not it is important to categorize these by location or habitat. When you think of a landscape image, do you think of it as a photograph of a habitat like a wetland or desert? Or do you just remember you photographed this in Florida and that in Arizona? If the latter, then organize your images by location. If the former, then organize them by habitat. When you stop to consider how you think about your work, you can easily come up with the categories.

Our Filing System

This is an example of our filing system.

  • Atmospherical and Geological
    • Clouds
    • Fog
    • Frost
    • Ice
    • Mountains
    • Rocks
    • Snow
    • Water Patterns
    • Water Falls
    • Waterways
  • Birds
    • Eagles and Hawks
    • Waders
    • Shorebirds
    • Songbirds
    • Herons
    • Egrets
  • Mammals
    • Bear
    • Marmots
    • Rabbits
    • Pika
    • Deer
    • Elk
    • Moose
    • Squirrel
  • Manmade
    • Buildings
    • Fences
    • Doors/Windows
    • Roads
  • Locations
    • Olympic National Park
    • Israel
    • Alaska
    • Arizona
    • Florida
    • Texas

When we started our system, we set up the initial list by subject and location. We have a lot of images of the Olympic National Park so these were grouped together. Categories were set up for amphibians, mammals, birds, and so on. Then we narrowed down the specifics within each main category. We found ourselves making a lot of assumptions. Since seagulls are everywhere in Washington State, we set a section up under birds for seagulls. After sorting the slides into their categories, we found only five images of seagulls. When seagulls are everywhere, it is easy to assume you have lots of pictures of them. Sorting this way helps you keep track of what images you really have and don’t have, and what you need to go out and get.

for us, rocks were hard to categorize. How would you categorize this picture of rocks? Photo by Brent VanFossenOur filing system is based on very simple techniques. Our lives are filled with a lot of living and doing and not much time for time-consuming office practices. Fast and easy is our motto. We needed a system to grow and change with us and our photographic interests. We group everything into several major categories: Mammals, Insects, Amphibians, Fish, Birds, Plants and Flowers, Locations, and so on. Not all images drop into nice and neat categories. We had a hard time with mountains, rivers, streams, clouds, fog, ice, snow, rain, and rocks. We finally realized these were all things of the earth and sky, so we created a group called Atmospherical and Geological.

Under each major category we have specific subjects in alphabetical order. Under Mammals we have Cats, Chipmunks, Deer, Elk, Goats, Marmots, Moose, Pika, Sheep, Squirrels, and Whales. If needed we will break those down even further. We spent several years practically living with the rare Olympic Marmots and have hundreds of slide pages filled with many facets of marmot life. Under Marmots we’ve sorted them by Adults, Babies, and Family Groups. Our folder tabs are color coded helping us move our eyes directly to the main categories and then through the sub-categories. As you develop your own system, consider how to keep it flexible by expanding it to meet your needs.

People Add Pizazz

Putting people in your photograph adds perspective. Brent stands before Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, photo by Lorelle VanFossen While most of our images are of nature, people can be an enhancement to nature photographs. They provide a sense of scale and perspective. They draw USA, the audience, into the photograph. We tend to see the image from their point of view and not necessarily from our perspective outside the photograph.

Putting people in your picture can be done in two ways. Either make them the subject of your photograph or make them a detail. To make them the subject, follow the basic compositional rules of putting them in the rule of thirds, or you can fill the frame with them.

Keep ’em straight
Make sure the ground they are standing on is straight. It’s easy to get excited and in a hurry when taking the picture, and when you get home you get a good laugh explaining that this is a picture of Aunt Martha sliding off the planet. Watch out for horizon lines and keep things straight.
Different angles
The camels getting smaller in the distance of this camel ride in Mamshit, Israel, gives the viewer a sense of perspective and like they are part of the ride. Photo by Lorelle VanFossenJust because everyone else takes pictures of the family standing in front of the famous statue doesn’t mean you have to. Look around for ways to capture your subjects from different perspectives. Get low and aim up, or get high and aim down. Get them looking at the statue and not looking at the camera. Maybe the statue isn’t as important as the looks on their faces as they are seeing it for the first time. Find new ways and angles to include them in the photograph.
Making Eyes
Make sure you can see their eyes. They say the eyes are the windows to the soul – make sure it looks like someone is home. Watch shadows under the eyes or on the face – they can become a distraction and can make people look tired.

Who is that, Alice?
A distracting person in your image can pull the eye totally away from the subject of the photograph. Make sure the image is enhanced by the presence of the person.
Do something
Get them doing something interesting. A picture of Fred standing in front of a museum is just Fred standing in front of a museum. What if Fred were eating an ice cream cone. Then you’d have a picture of Fred eating an ice cream cone in front of a museum and the story would change. You’d start to think about how ice cream cones are probably forbidden inside and he’s probably gulping it down, or that maybe he just got out of the hot sun for a moment to stand in the shade of the building to eat his ice cream cone. There are more important elements to the story now.

Entering Petra, photo by Brent VanFossenBy making them a detail you add dimension and scale to your image. A small person in a large canyon provides the audience with a sense of the height of the walls. A dot person in a wide reaching landscape makes us feel small in this vast world around us. If the person is a detail in the image, choose to make them an obvious detail. By having the person wear a red coat or something bright, or be positioned in a way that our eye notices them, the viewer looks at the person and then moves to examine the rest of the image. If their eye stumbles upon the person as their eye wanders through the image, the rest of the time may be spent wondering what that person is doing out there, ignoring the rest of the image. Keep a balance and let the person be a part of the image and the audience can share in their discovery.

Model Release

Photographs with people in them offer a great opportunity for sales. Unfortunately, today the industry requires model releases from anyone appearing in a photograph, or personal property in a photograph, such as a barn or house, or even someone’s dog. It allows you to use their image for income and in any way you would like without compensating them. It used to be that as long as the person was unrecognizable, you could publish the image. The human form has now been recognized as unique and distinctive for each human alive, requiring permission of the person in the image before publishing. Images for editorial use in magazines and newspapers are the only place where photographers are permitted to publish un-released photographs. If you intend to sell your images, get a model release to protect yourself.

Horizontal vs Vertical

Indian paintbrush as a vertical, photo by Brent VanFossen
Just as there are two sides to every story, there are two ways to take a photograph: horizontal or vertical. The most popular cameras use a 35mm format which creates a rectangular image. You Indian paintbrush as a horizontal, photo by Brent VanFossencan hold the camera in the traditional manner for a horizontal image, or turn it on its side for a vertical. This is all simple stuff, but what really is the difference?

Horizontal – On the level

The horizontal is the most common orientation chosen by photographers, and why not? It is the easiest. The camera is built to be held this way. Holding it in your hand or placing the camera on a tripod, it naturally sits on the level: horizontally. Turning the camera on its side presents some challenges for hand holding and on the tripod, so few do it.

This is not to say that horizontal is wrong or bad. The horizontal composition lends its strength to scenics and landscapes, the long edge following the line of the horizon across the film. It can capture the sky, the horizon, and the land below the horizon within the frame of the picture, providing the viewer with a sense of expanse. Mountains, oceans, low buildings, and sunsets all lend themselves to the horizontal format.

Horizontal images lend themselves to a landscape perspective. Snowgeese at Bosque del Apache, photo by Brent VanFossenArt class students are taught that horizontal lines represent strength and peacefulness. Horizontal things usually won’t fall down, or they already have fallen down and represent no threat. We feel at ease with them. A bridge feels peaceful as it stretches across the rushing river below. We like things that lie down. We like to lie down. It represents sleeping, resting, comfort, and gentleness.

Verticals – Standing Tall

Vertical images enhance height and create a more intimate feeling. Snowgeese at Bosque del Apache, photo by Brent VanFossenTowering trees, skyscrapers, standing people, and tall animals all beg for the camera’s vertical format to enhance their height. Vertical images capture the land, horizon, and sky, but only a narrow version of it; they give a more intimate view. Tall things feel taller and wide things feel narrowed.

With horizontal lines representing rest and peacefulness, vertical lines are dramatic, exciting, and create tension in the image. They revel in the subject’s ability to defy gravity as it reaches upwards. We also feel a tension because what goes up can come down.

Can you photograph a vertical subject horizontally? Sure you can. The result may be an exciting change that will give us a new perspective. It can add tension to a “normal” picture.

How Will The Photograph Be Used?

Family and vacation pictures tend to do better in photo albums as horizontals since this is the most popular format used and most photo scrapbooks are designed for them. The professional photographer, however, has to consider the end usage of the photograph. He has to know whether horizontals or verticals will sell more and work better within the markets he sells to. Here are some of our recommendations, but if there is a specific market you are interested in, research it thoroughly to determine what the requirements are for you. For instance, in the 1950s, vertical images were very popular on calendars but today you will usually find more horizontal images. Trends change with time. Since horizontal formats are the most commonly photographed, you can increase your sales potential by creating more verticals. When in doubt, or if the scene lends itself to both orientations, photograph it both ways to maximize your market potential.

Note cards
note cards are usually found as verticals though there are many horizontals. Photo by Brent VanFossenFor the most part, the stationery market tends towards vertical images, though there is room for horizontals, too. The typical card display is set up for cards which show a vertical image and opens like a book. Postcards, though, similar in some respects to note cards, usually demand horizontal images.
Calendars
While there are some calendars which feature vertical images, in general you will find horizontal images most in demand, especially those dealing with landscape and locations.
Magazines
Two page spread, with one horizontal image crossing the two pages and one vertical in the corner. Outdoor and Nature Photography Magazine, images and article by Brent and Lorelle VanFossenIf you would like one of your images to grace the cover of a magazine, odds are that it will have to be a vertical to fill the cover from top to bottom. Interior images, however, can be in either format, though the editorial market does want more verticals to fit within the column or page format. Interior images that also work, whatever their format, include space within the frame for text to be written over part of the image.
Books
Books usually need vertical imagesPicture books run in two different formats. Coffee table books, typically oversized, usually feature mostly horizontal images. Text books, guide books, and other books featuring photographs are typically vertical in shape and when they can, designers usually choose vertical images to fit within the column format. Unfortunately, though the photo buyers request verticals, they often get horizontals. Strong verticals, therefore, can increase your chance for a sale.
Portraits/Landscapes
The standard portrait frame you buy at the crafts store or any frame shot puts people in vertical frames and landscapes in horizontal frames. This is a big assumption, but if you are doing individual people or animal portraits, most people will choose vertical over horizontal, unless you are photographing a group. If you are photographing landscapes, few are found to be vertical. Most are horizontal, with emphasis on the horizon and “width” of the space within the landscape.
Web Pages
The Internet is consuming our lives in more ways than one and images for web pages are in demand. Due to the strong vertical format of most web pages, many designers tend to use vertical images to fit within the narrow width of the pages and frames. They like to squeeze the most info into the least amount of space, and horizontal images consume valuable real estate.
Wall Art
Photographic artwork comes in a variety of formats such as posters and framed pictures. Look closely and you will see that a good majority of artwork is found in a vertical format, tall and narrow, unless it is a landscape, then it will be horizontal, but these tend not to sell very well as they take up “too much wall space” Think “back of the door” where you hung posters when you were growing up. That’s a good vertical composition layout.

Looking for Landscapes – Scenic and Landscape Photography

Of landscapes, as of people, one becomes more tolerant after one’s twentieth year…We learn to look at them, not in the flat but in depth, as things to be burrowed into. It is not merely a question of lines and colours but of smells, sounds and tastes as well…
C.S. Lewis: Images of His World

Sunset over Deception Pass Bridge, Washington, photo by Brent VanFossenLandscapes are a favorite subject for many photographers. They are among the oldest subjects for a camera, going back to William Henry Jackson and other early photographers who traveled with the explorers on their trips west. Their photos of the Yosemite valley, and other places, along with the eloquent writings and speeches of John Muir, played a major role in the designation of many national parks.

Sunrise at Mahktesh Hagadole Crater, Negev Desert, Israel. Photo by Brent VanFossenThe pictures most photographers take of the places they visit, however, usually don’t measure up to their expectations. So many factors figure into our impressions of a place: the sounds of the birds, the smells of the forest, the chill of the wind. All the things that make a wild place wild, except for the view itself, get left behind when we take a photograph home. The picture must stand on its own.

Most people think that if they could only travel to more exotic locations, or own more expensive equipment, their pictures would improve. If they only shot enough film, something would turn out. After all, we have all heard the pros brag about how much film they shoot. The truth is that if you master the basic techniques, you can make good photos under almost any conditions. Technical competence is the foundation that frees you to concentrate on your creativity.

Thirty-six satisfactory exposures on a roll means a photographer is not trying anything new.
Freeman Patterson
Optical Extraction

Example of the wide view of trees reflected in a lake in AlaskaSometimes the story you want to tell is the overall landscape and sometimes it is a small bit. Using a long lens you can pick and choose. Here, Brent wanted to show the Alaska tundra with the trees reflecting in the water, then he Example of the closeup view of trees reflected in a lake in Alaskarealized that he really liked the trees in the water with the sunset light on the mountains. Both tell a different story even though they are both of the same subject.

The Grand Landscape

Have you ever visited a place so incredible, so awe inspiring, that you pulled out your camera and tried to fit it all in? The mountains, the clouds, this rock, that bunch of flowers, the edge of the forest. When you get your picture back you wondered why you even took it. We need to learn how to decide what is most important to the point we are trying to make, and exclude everything that doesn’t fit. You’ve heard this before: simplify, simplify, simplify.

A favorite lens for big landscapes is the wide angle lens. It’s also probably the hardest to use because it sees so much. Put it on your camera and hold it to your eye. Everything in sight is there, including perhaps your own feet or the tripod legs, or both. How do you simplify with a lens that sees everything?

Rocks in the foreground draw your eye into the picture of the mountains around Portage Lake in Alaska, photo by Brent VanFossenThe trick is to put the lens close to something interesting and hide all the unnecessary things behind it. A wide angle lens has an enormous depth of field. A 20mm will show everything from 11 inches to infinity in sharp focus. It also seems to expand space. Objects close to the lens seem abnormally large, while things far away diminish in size to the point that they disappear.

The wide angle is excellent for showing how a detail relates to the big scene. Find an interesting rock, a bunch of flowers, a pattern in the snow, and physically get close. This will frequently put you on your hands and knees, but the results are worth it. Look through your viewfinder and make sure you are including the mountains or an interesting sky. Adjust your position left or right, up or down to get a balanced composition. With a wide angle, inches can seem like miles. Make sure your car is hidden behind the nearest tree, and you are almost ready to go.

Different Perspectives

Garden of the Gods, Colorado, photo by Brent VanFossenTry different perspectives, like horizontal and vertical, to create different effects of the same subject. Are these photographs of the Garden of the Gods, Colorado, photo by Brent VanFossenmountains at Garden of the Gods in Colorado Springs, Colorado, the same or different? Does the feeling change? Different perspectives can capture different emotional qualities in an image.

The last thing to consider is the technical. For most scenics, a good rule of thumb is that everything should be in focus. Use wide angles at apertures from f8 to f22. The closer the subject is to the photographer, the more the need to stop down the aperture to maximize depth of field.

The normal lens is probably the most versatile of any lens in your bag. At 50mm, use it for big scenics when the wide angle shows too much or whenever its angle of view matches your vision. With care, we can exclude the distracting while still giving the feeling of space.

Use S curves to lead your viewer’s eye into the picture and toward your subject. Frame your subject with the branches of a tree. When used every time, these devices can become monotonous, but the idea is to use all the parts of the scene to enhance the visual appeal of your subject.

Optical Extraction

Sometimes the part of the scene that is most interesting to you is the detail in the distance. The way the snow clings to the cliffs and the glaciers resist the inevitable pull of gravity is just a part of the big picture. Grab your telephoto lens and get closer.

Tree with fog, California. Photo by Brent VanFossenThe angle of view of a telephoto lens is very narrow. These lenses, with focal lengths from about 100mm on up, allow you to come in close on your subject and exclude everything else. Instead of showing the whole mountain, we can use a 300mm or 500mm and force our viewer to look at just the peak. Take a valley filled with clouds, and extract the best section showing the magical movement of the fog through the trees.

Called optical extraction, it is a great way to make a large number of compositions while standing in one spot. By moving from lens to lens and looking in different directions, we can travel across the countryside in an afternoon without moving, each a unique perspective and vision of the landscape.

Look for Weather

Sunrise over the salt flats of Death Valley, photo by Brent VanFossenSomething to remember about nature photography is that oftentimes, bad weather is good weather. Our mall-shopping, lawn-mowing, snow-skiing friends pray for blue skies on the weekends. But for us, a hint of mist or a medium fog in the air is magic, creating a thin veil, an almost lacy effect. It can add a romantic feel to the landscape. Dark stormy clouds can be very dramatic, especially when the sun breaks through a hole in the sky creating great rays of crepulscular light. The play of stormy light upon the land can be Hasharon National Seashore, Israel, photo by Brent VanFossenfascinating to watch and photograph as it totally changes the mood of a scenic. Weather creates great opportunities for the landscape photographer.

Sunsets are a favorite subject, and you get two chances each day to catch the sunrise and sunset. They come in all colors, and every one is different. Because sunsets are so common, look for things to add to your view which make your pictures unique. Silhouette the branches of a tree against the red sky. Or even look the other direction and watch how the light plays across the land.

In a 1991 issue of Popular Photography, well known National Geographic Photographers commented:

My advice to scenic photographers is short and sweet:
It’s fine to go into a situation with preconceived ideas about
what you’re going to photograph, but don’t let your plans blind you
to other photo possibilities in the area. Never be afraid to reformulate
or drop your original intentions and photograph something completely
different. Keep your eyes and your mind open. Go with the flow.
Sissie Brimberg
To shoot scenics successfully, you must become totally familiar with your subject. Develop an understanding and point of view about your subject and imagine how that point of view would be most successfully communicated in a still image. Know what you want. Don’t wander around hoping that a spectacular image will jump out at you. Good scenics are usually the result of hard thinking and planning, not luck.
Frans Lanting

Underwater Without Getting Wet – Aquatic and Aquarium Photography

Animated graphic of fish in a tank swimmingPhotography in open air can be easy. Point and shoot. Add one of the other basic elements – water – and the rules change. A lot. Aquariums offer excellent opportunities to get up close and personal with your local (or not so local) squid, octopus and shark. For photographers, this represents a challenge. Between the camera and the subject is glass, often over an inch thick, and lots of water. Fish can be a big challenge to photograph.

Aquarium light is usually dim to simulate the natural habitat of the animals, and to permit better viewing for the public. As the fish dart around the tank, using a flash will increase the amount of light, increase the shutter speed, and probably enable you to take a wonderful photograph of your flash reflecting from the glass.

The Glass

Line up your camera and lens perpendicular to the glass. At any other angle the glass acts as a lens and throws everything out of focus. Keep the lens as close to the glass as possible to avoid reflections from the flash as well as other interior lights. A rubber lens hood will allow you to put the lens up against the glass without the danger of scratching it. When using a zoom lens, zoom with caution. The zoom will change the length of the lens and it can hit the glass.

Sea anenomes through an aquarium window, Red Sea, Israel, photo by Lorelle VanFossenIf the subject is close to the glass or if the depth of field is large, the imperfections and scratches in the glass may show in the photographs. Keep to a moderate aperture for best results and faster shutter speeds.

Photographing in Eilat, Israel, at the Coral World Underwater Observatory and Aquarium, much of the photography we did through the glass windows was in available light since midday in the Middle East means lots of light filtering through the water, even at some depth. This allowed us to work with moderate depths of field without a flash to capture the unique and colorful underwater life of the Red Sea.

The Water and The Flash

Our fish tank capturing the brilliant reflection of the camera flash, photo by Lorelle VanFossenWater absorbs a lot more light than air. To counter the density of the water, a medium to high powered flash is necessary, especially for large public aquariums. Two of the largest and finest public aquariums in the world are the Seattle Aquarium and the Monetary Aquarium in California. Using a flash synch-cord will allow you to take the flash off of the camera. Placing the flash against the glass or at a 45 degree angle to the glass will help eliminate “flash-back” or strong flash reflections in the glass. A polarizing filter can help cut reflections but it can also cost two stops of light, resulting in a slower shutter speed. Use it in combination with a flash.

The Home Aquarium Enthusiast

Photo of a fish tank 
Photo by Jo BoyettPsychologists and psychiatrists report that an aquarium in your home or office will help to ease tensions and worries. Imagine what photographing one will do! If you have your own aquarium or want to set one up to photograph aquatic animals, or even lizards and frogs, it’s easy.

This Cichlid Convict mother guards her precious eggs in our living room. Photo by Brent VanFossenInexpensive fish tanks are available from large retail stores such as WalMart or a local pet and fish supply stores. Sizes range from 5 gallons to over 150 gallons with prices from $10.00 to thousands. There are many easy to read instructional books for properly setting up a salt water or fresh water aquarium.

Closeup of baby shrimp by Brent VanFossenWhen photographing your own aquarium, take precautions to keep the water as clear as possible. Make sure it has been a couple of hours since the last feeding so all the food as been consumed or settled. Any props (rocks, wood, plants, etc.) should be rinsed and scrubbed thoroughly before introducing them to the tank. Carefully clean the glass inside and out.

By constraining the fish to the front, with an interesting background, it makes photographing the fish easier. 
Photo by Brent VanFossenYou can easily adapt your aquarium for photographing the quick-moving fish. In his Photographing the small homemade aquarium with shrimp. Photo by Lorelle VanFossenbook, The Complete Guide to Wildlife Photography, Joe McDonald recommends sliding a piece of glass in behind the front pane of glass in the tank to create a division in the tank a couple of inches wide. Make notches in the top plastic aquarium frame to accept and hold the glass pane in place. This will constrain the fish to the very front and keep them closer to the glass for a clear shot. Place rocks and plants behind the glass for a backdrop and no one will know there is glass between the subject and the backdrop.

A home aquarium opens up many photographic and creative possibilities. By using more than one flash, you can add back lighting and side lighting to accentuate the subject. One can even be used overhead to simulate sunlight.

No Reflections
Make sure the room is as dark as possible to help eliminate reflections on the glass and be aware of the background. Watch for wires, pipes, heaters and pumps. Dress in dark clothes and remove all shiny jewelry, rings, necklaces, earrings, and watches, as these can appear as reflections in the photograph.
Use Close-up/Macro Lens
Close focusing equipment is critical to capturing your home aquarium life on film. Use a macro lens, close-up diopters, extension tubes, teleconverters or combinations of these to capture the miniature world before you.
Do no harm
Be careful handling all life forms. Fish are easily harassed and stressed by changes in their environment whether from a change in water or a change in activity. Be patient and move slowly to ensure the survival and health of your fish.

Fish and Pet Stores

Clown Fish in Salt Water, photo by Brent VanFossenLocal fish and pet stores may allow you to come in during their “slack” times, usually first thing in the morning or middle of the day, to photograph their fish. Be cautious of other people tripping over your equipment, especially children, and of interfering with the work of the employees. A good negotiating tool is to provide a few prints to the store in return for the favor.

padding protects you from sharp tidepool rocks and barnacles, photo by Lorelle VanFossenThere are a variety of aquatic animals to photograph from tide pool creatures like starfish, anemones and urchins to tropical fish, shrimp, coral and seaweed, as well as aquatic insects. There is a lot of room for experimentation and new creative approaches. These techniques will work for wide angle or extreme close-ups of aquariums and the creatures within their glass constraints.

Wet Belly Photography – Down and Dirty with Flowers

Two tulips close together by Lorelle VanFossenSlip. Slosh. Lay right down in the muck. If you’re not getting dirty, you aren’t having fun. This is wet belly photography. It is getting down and dirty and up close with flowers. We enjoy Red Tulip Field, Skagit Valley Tulip Festival, Washington State. Photo by Brent VanFossenthe vast variety of tulips that pop their heads out in the spring of Washington State during the Skagit Valley International Tulip Festival each April in Mt. Vernon, Washington. Look close to the ground and you will find other photographers slopping around in the mud with their camera gear. Hundreds of acres are filled with reds, yellows, purples and pinks, rows upon rows of color. It’s overwhelming. Many gardens are open to visitors from all over the world during the three week festival.

Almost no matter where you live, flower season explodes in the spring. Wildflowers and domestics in the lowlands break into full bloom. Rhododendrons are making a bright appearance in the forests. Higher, in the alpine meadows, as the snow releases its hold on the mountains, rainbow colored fields chase its departure.

Duane Hansen gets down and dirty with tulips. 
Photo by Lorelle VanFossenA great tip for photographing wildlife is to get down to your subject’s eye level. The same applies to flowers. Don’t shoot down, get down. Get low, get your camera level with the flower, or even get under it and shoot up. This is wet belly photography and the results are worth it. Next to sunsets, flowers are one of the most photographed nature subjects. Here are some tips for successful flower photography.

Filtered sun
Baby Blue Eyes, photo by Brent VanFossenOvercast skies are favorites for nature photographers. Bright sunlight casts shadows and bright highlights, creating distracting elements in your photograph. Clouds filter the brightness of the sun, eliminating harsh shadows and producing an even light. If an overcast sky isn’t in the plan, you can use a diffusion screen, found at professional photography stores, or make one from white ripstop nylon fabric. Make a frame to hold the fabric in place or have an assistant hold it between your subject and the sun, and instantly you have an overcast sky.
Wind
Wind ruins a lot of flower shots. It requires plenty of patience to wait for a lull between wind gusts. Try creating your own wind block. Using plastic sheeting from a local gardening shop, you can create a “wall” of plastic held in place with By moving the camera, a sense of motion is created. Or wait for the wind so do all the motion. 
Photo by Brent VanFossenwood stakes. Or bring a white or clear umbrella and place it to block the wind. Carry baggy ties or string to carefully tie grasses and other distracting branches out of the way or to tie the flower to a small stake to hold it still. Be careful not to get your wind block or support in your photograph. If you want to experiment with the wind, photograph the blowing flowers at slow shutter speeds and let the colors just pan across your film for colorful and fun pattern shots.
More Weather
Fog settles in over the high alpine wildflowers at Mt. Rainier National Park, photo by Brent VanFossenWeather in general offers all kinds of possibilities, not just wind and water droplets. Fog, mist, even a rain storm can offer dramatic compositions. Fog and mist creates a mysterious quality to your images. Expose for the flowers themselves and let the lighting take care of itself, or over- or underexpose by a third to a half to create a brighter or darker effect. Photograph the rain coming down at a medium to slow shutter speed to capture the rain as texture. Experiment and bracket to get the best results.
Dew drops
Straight on pictures of flowers are great, but try for different angles, photo by Brent VanFossenEarly morning, just before the sun comes up to warm the earth and the wind begins to blow, you will often find flowers dressed in dewy jewels. Water droplets cling to the petals and sparkle in the early light. You can add your own dew drops by spraying your subject with a fine mist of water.
Depth of field
Some flower images require a lot of depth of field, having every millimeter in focus from front to back. Others become beautiful with only a shallow depth of field, creating a soft romantic look with the background and foreground out of focus. Play with your depth of field on different subjects to create a variety of images of the different flowers you photograph.
Get Down – Get Under
California Poppy by Brent VanFossenThere is a whole new world to explore down and under the flowers. Check out the interesting backlit perspectives, highlighting textures and veins in the leaves and petals. Look for spiders, spider webs, and other insects making their homes, hunting for food, or just hanging out. It is a world of texture, pattern, color, and magic.
Tripods
Successful flower photography requires a sturdy tripod. For good wet belly photography, get a tripod that will go all the way down to the ground, allowing you to get down to the flower’s level. Some tripods allow Wet belly photography. Getting down and dirty with some high elevation lilies. 
Photo by Lorelle VanFossenfor the center post to invert, which works, but it’s often a challenge to get your eye to the viewfinder through the tripod legs. A Bogen Super Clamp will allow you to put your tripod head on the clamp attached to your tripod leg, getting you lower with ease.

For more information on wildflowers and the native plants of North America, contact the National Wildlife Research Center in Austin, Texas.

Closeup Photography Technical Notes

The following is technical information you may need to know to expand your knowledge of closeup and macro photography. While this information isn’t critical to the success of your closeup nature photography images, it helps to know as much as possible about the techniques and mathematics that go into the why and the where for of how this all works. We look at flash and synch speeds, depth of field and the Inverse Square Law for Light, tilt/shift lenses and the Scheimpflug Principle, and determining reproduction ratios and magnification.

Flashes and Sync Speeds

Every camera that can accommodate a flash has a maximum shutter speed, or a maximum sync speed, that will work with the flash. Why can’t you go faster? Your shutter is actually made of two separate curtains, both traveling in the same direction. The first curtain opens to allow light to reach the film. After a delay controlled by the shutter speed, the second curtain moves to block the light and end the exposure. At some point, the shutter curtains cannot physically move fast enough, and the second curtain begins closing before the first has completely opened.

If you could look at the movement of the shutter curtains in slow motion at high shutter speeds, you would see a narrow slit that moves across the film to expose a complete frame. Different parts of the frame are exposed at slightly different times.

The fastest shutter speed that your camera is capable of using with the first curtain completely open before the second curtain begins to close is called the maximum shutter sync speed. On most older cameras, this speed will be marked in red on the shutter speed dial. On older cameras, the synch speed may be 1/60 or 1/80 of a second. Better and newer cameras have sync speeds of 1/200 to 1/250 of a second. Newer cameras will refuse to use a faster shutter speed, regardless of the settings. Your camera must time the flash output very precisely so that the flash fires while the entire frame is exposed. At any faster shutter speed, only a portion of the frame would receive the light from the flash, because of the slit effect just mentioned. The newest and best cameras use a sophisticated system that fires a rapid series of flashes that “paint” a portion of the image with each strobe. The speed is so high it appears to us to be a single flash, and this method allows the flash sync speeds of up to 1/4000 of a second.

Inverse Square Law for Light

The farther light travels, the more it spreads out. The more it spreads, the less its intensity. The inverse square law is a law of physics which describes the way light levels change as the distance traveled changes. For photographers, an understanding of how this works is important.

The inverse square law says that the light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance traveled. As distance increases, the intensity decreases. That’s the “inverse” part. In equation form:

Light intensity at point A = (K) * Light intensity at source
(Distance from point A to source)2

We aren’t interested in the actual light intensity, however, because our cameras have meters that figure that out for us. What we want to know is how the light levels between two identical flashes will differ if we place them at various distances from our subject. So let’s modify the equation for a ratio of two distances and see what happens.

If we have two flashes, A and B, the ratio of intensity is:

Light intensity at point A = (K) * Intensity at source
(Distance from point A to source)2
Light intensity at point B (K) * Intensity at source
(Distance from point B to source)2

(where (K) represents a scientific constant that we don’t need to worry about. It will disappear in a moment.)

Which reduces to a much simpler relation:

Light intensity at point A = (Distance from point B to source)2
Light intensity at point B (Distance from point A to source)2

Let’s look at an example. If flash A is placed 1 foot from the subject (remember, we are photographing small subjects) and flash B is placed 2 feet away, the relative intensity is:

Light intensity at point A = 22 = 4 = 4
Light intensity at point B 12 1

The light on our subject from flash A will be 4 times as bright as from flash B. That’s a two stop difference. If you want a one stop difference, flash A must be twice as bright as flash B. Working the equation, flash B must be 1.4 times as far from the subject as flash A. We could build a table to make things easier:

Stop difference Relative distance Intensity ratio
0 1 1
1 1.4 2
2 2 4
3 2.8 8
4 4 16

To use the table is simple. If you want a 1 stop difference between the two flashes, one flash must be 1.4 times as far away from the subject as the other. If one flash is 10 inches, the other must be 14 inches. In the same way, if you want a 3 stop difference, one flash must be 2.8 times as far away as the other. The table is easy to memorize, as it’s the same series of numbers as the f-stop series – probably imprinted right on your lens.

Tilt/Shift Lenses and the Scheimpflug Principle

When trying to compose a photograph, it sometimes seems impossible to get everything that is important to be in focus. Even with the aperture set at f 32, it is possible that something will be too close or too far away to be acceptably sharp. This problem gets worse with the high magnification of macro photography.

The Schleimpflug principle was discovered at the beginning of the 20th century by Jules Carpentier and Theodor Scheimpflug. It is useful if your subject lies essentially in a single plane that is not parallel with the film plane. A perfect example is a field of flowers that extends to the horizon. The ground is flat and the field of flowers is horizontal, while your film plane is vertical. The flowers near the camera and at the horizon will probably not be acceptably sharp. See the diagram below:

graphic of the normal perspective of a lens plane of focusIf we could tilt the plane of focus to lie along the tops of the flowers, then it would be possible to photograph the field of flowers with every blossom sharply focused, even with a wide open aperture. This is what the tilt/shift lenses do, and is the practical result of the Scheimpflug principle, which states that the subject plane, the lens plane, and the film plane all intersect at a common point. The front of the lens tilts (as much as plus or minus eight degrees with the Canon lenses), and this brings almost any subject plane in focus. See diagram:

For years, Canon has offered this kind of lens in three versions: 24mm, 45mm, and 90mm. Nikon, in the past, made a special “short-mount’ 100mm lens that worked with a bellows to achieve the same effect, but it was discontinued long ago. Now, Nikon offers two lenses similar to the Canon, a 28mm and an 85mm. The 85mm or 90mm are by far the most useful for macro photography, because their greater focal lengths give the greatest working distances. They allow the photographer to choose the camera graphic of the film plane of a tilt-shift lensposition for convenience, and then tilt the lens to align the subject plane with the plane of focus of the lens. The Canon 90mm tilt/shift lens is very sharp, works well with teleconverters and extension tubes, and makes a very flexible tool for macro photography. We haven’t used the Nikon, although we expect it to be equally sharp. All of these are manual focus lenses, and are similar in features with one exception. The Nikon aperture is not automatic, and must be manually opened for focusing and stopped down during exposure. Quality is not cheap, and list prices are about $1900 US for either make. You can expect to pay around $1100 by mail order to purchase the Canons, or about $1200 to $1300 for the Nikons.

Reproduction Ratio

The basic rule for calculating reproduction ratio is that with the lens focused at infinity:

Reproduction Ratio = mm of Extension / Focal length

To show how this works, assume that you have a 50mm lens. In order to achieve a reproduction ratio of 1/2X life size, you need 25mm of extension, because 25mm of extension divided by 50mm of focal length equals 1/2X reproduction ratio.

If you want to achieve life-size magnification, or 1X, with the same lens, you need 50mm of extension. 50mm divided by 50mm equals 1X. This, again, is with the lens focused at infinity.

Lets take a more complicated example. The Nikon macro lens that we used for years was a 55mm lens that could focus to 1/2X magnification at its closest focusing distance. This means that the lens had built-in extension (notice that we’ve rearranged the equation algebraically) of:

mm of Extension =(Rep. Ratio)(Focal length)
=(0.5)(55mm)
=27.5mm

If we want to use this lens to achieve life-size magnification, how much extension do we have to add? We know that we need 55mm of extension to reach 1 to 1 (life-size, or 1X) with a 55mm lens. But the lens already has 27.5mm built-in. So we need to add another

(55mm – 27.5mm)=27.5mm of extension

How do you add extension? You use a device called an extension tube, which is little more than a hollow tube that mounts between the lens and the camera body. It pushes the lens away from the body, and allows the lens to focus closer. Nikon manufacturers an extension tube that is 27.5mm long, and it is called the PK-13.

With the PK-13 installed between the 55mm macro lens and the camera, and the focusing ring of the lens set at infinity, the reproduction ratio will be

Rep. Ratio =(0mm from lens + 27.5mm from tube) / 55mm focal length
=1/2X life-size

If we then focus the lens to its closest focusing distance, we get

Rep. Ratio =(27.5mm from lens + 27.5mm from tube) / 55mm focal length
=1X life-size

Any Nikon tube can be used on any Nikon lens to make it focus closer. Likewise, any Canon tube, or any Canon-compatible tube, can be used on any Canon lens to make it focus closer, and the same is true for any other brand of equipment. The entire secret is that when the lens is moved farther from the camera body, the lens will focus closer, and the reproduction ratio will increase.

Gallery of Closeup Images

Tree blossoms, photograph by Lorelle VanFossen
With the tree blossoms as an out-of-focus background, they seem to echo the three blossoms in focus in the upper corner.
Tree blossoms with green background, photograph by Lorelle VanFossen
Focusing on the tree blossoms and using the green field beyond as a neutral, relaxing background, this photograph puts all the interest on the blossoms.
Baby Blue Eyes, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Using the out-of-focus flowers in the foreground, the distractions around this baby blue eyes are gone, simplifying the image.
Owl butterfly, photograph by Lorelle VanFossen
The distinctive pattern on the wing of the owl butterfly catches the eye of the predator away from the real eye of the butterfly, a good defensive technique.
Convict cichlid protecting her eggs, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Our living room aquarium allowed us to photograph a mother convict cichlid protecting her eggs, positioned against the front of the glass.
Inch worm, photograph by Brent VanFossen
A cooperative inch worm posed for us in the Olympic National Park of Washington state, allowing us to spend hours photographing it.
Dafodil, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Not all closeups have to be extreme. This photograph of a dafodil stands out as the other flowers are just enough out of focus but present to represent a field of flowers just out of the picture, adding drama to the closeup.
Owl butterfly, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Since the eye on the wing of the owl butterfly is one of its most important features, we move in close to photograph it, but not on a living butterfly that wouldn’t tollerate this proximity, but on the wing of a dead butterfly.
Butterfly wing, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Bird feathers? It is a closeup of the wing of a dead butterfly. The similarity to a bird feather, even as small as this, is amazing and another example of the butterfly’s self protection.
Lupine Leaves with Frost, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Frost is a favorite subject whenever we find it, and these lupine were coated with a fine layer of frost crystals on Mt. Rainier, Washington. We used just a hint of gold reflector to bounce the low morning light onto the leaves before they melted.
Frost on leaves and grasses on the ground, photograph by Brent VanFossen
We love looking down on the ground for good photographic material and the frost outlined and enhanced this leaf against its monochromotic background.
Gooseneck Barnacles, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Sea creatures are wonderful closeup subjects, when you can get close enough. Barnacles, mussels and clams, like these gooseneck barnacles along the Pacific Northwest (US) coast, are the more cooperative of the nature subjects we photograph.
Newt, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Almost hidden in the undergrowth, we spotted this newt among the mosses and lichens and used a reflector and fill flash to overcome the low light to photograph this charming fellow.
End of a pine tree branch, photograph by Brent VanFossen
The spiral pattern in the end of a pine tree is fascinating as it slowly opens up the new growth into the pine needles we are accustomed to seeing. Brent propped this branch with a second tripod to keep it from blowing in the wind.
Poppy bloom, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Blurring green leaves and another fallen poppy in the foreground, Brent was able to isolate this poppy blossom from the distractions.
Edge of a Poppy, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Looking side of an orange poppy flower, shapes become textures and patterns rather than a photograph of a flower. We used closeup diopters to get inside the flower.
Red-legged frog, Washington State, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Frogs are being more and more endangered and they are a favorite subject of ours, when they cooperate. This frog isn’t much bigger than a US half dollar hiding in the damp moss.
Tulips with water droplets, photograph by Lorelle VanFossen
Flowers are always favorite close up subjects and water drops on flowers make them more interesting. We fought the pouring rain and blowing wind among the Tulip Fields of the Skagit Valley, Washington, to photograph these wet tulips.
Yellow crab spider in flower, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Look in, over, under, and around plants for delightful insects such as this yellow crab spider hiding in a flower like the stamen, waiting for prey to land.
Butterfly, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Butterflies offer unique challenges for photography, especially closeup photography, because they move so fast. Photograph them when they are still cold and damp from the early morning and they will hold still for you.
Red peppers, Carmel Market, Tel Aviv, Israel, photograph by Lorelle VanFossen
We love foreign markets for their closeup possibilities and found these wonderful red peppers in the Carmel Market in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Closeup of frost, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Frost alone can make for an interesting subject of pattern and texture. This particular kind of frost is called “hoar frost”, which is several days of unmelted frost building upon itself.
Mushroom - toadstools, photograph by Brent VanFossen
We used a reflector to bounce light into the low light forest floor for these tiny mushroom toad stools in the Olympic National Park, Washington.
Butterfly crystalis, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Butterflies are fascinating to photograph, but don’t forget about what they are before they become butteflies. This is a butterfly crystalis, only a few hours before opening. Take care not to harm the crystalis as they can be fragile at this stage.
Caterpillar, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Brent photographed this caterpillar against the out-of-focus wildflowers in the background.
Driftwood, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Trees are great subjects for closeups as they offer an entire world to explore within their textures. This is a piece of twisted driftwood well-lit with the sunset light on the beach.
Beattle in flower, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Bugs and insects of all kinds are fasinating to watch and photograph as they explore nature looking for food, such as this beattle wandering through a flower. The pollen collects to the beattle and it transports it to another flower for fertilization.
Green and purple shorecrab, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Brent worked with this green and purple shorecrab for some time along the Oregon coast as it ducked in and out of its barnacled hole.
Water droplet off a huckleberrry, photograph by Brent VanFossen
After the rain, look for water drops on everything and see what you can see within the water droplet, such as the view of the forest in this droplet off a huckleberry.
Lupine, Texas, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Using the blue flowers of the other lupine in the foreground, Brent was able to choose a depth of field to blur the foreground to highlight the lupine in the back.
 

Creative Closeups

The magic of the closeup world is not just the technical expertise it takes to create dramatic macro photography, but also the artistry used to capture the magic.

Depth Of Field Creativity

Depth of field is the amount the image is in focus from back to front. It is controlled by the aperture of the camera. The smaller the aperture (f22, f32 or greater) the deeper the depth of field. The closer you are to your subject, the shallower the depth of field. Landscape photography measures depth of field in miles or kilometers. Closeup photography measures depth of field in millimeters.

Measuring Depth of Field in Millimeters

1:1 magnification
Depth of Field test of quarter against dollar bill at f2.8, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Aperture of f2.8
Depth of Field test of quarter against dollar bill at f32, photograph by Brent VanFossen
Aperture of f32

To show you the difference, we have photographed a US quarter against a US dollar bill at 1:1 magnification or life size. At an aperture of f2.8, focused on the quarter, only the front of the quarter is in focus and the dollar bill behind it is out of focus. At this aperture, our depth of field is literally the thickness of the coin, bare millimeters. When we close down our aperture to the smallest opening, in this case to f32, the collar bill is now in focus. At extreme closeness, our depth of field is barely the depth of the coin.

Understanding how depth of field works is very important for closeup photography. Almost all point-and-shoot cameras do not give you information or the option to adjust your depth of field, so every picture is taken at approximately the widest aperture available, thus the narrowest depth of field. As most point-and-shoot cameras are hand held, a fast shutter speed is essential to prevent camera shake. Some point-and-shoot cameras will not even allow you to take a picture if there isn’t enough light or the focus is off or not found. You must experiment to discover the limitations of your point-and-shoot camera.

Depth of field now becomes part of the compositional elements as you choose what to put into focus and what not to. The out of focus elements can become just as important to the image as the part that are in focus. For example, let’s examine this series of three photographs of the same flower. Moving through the flower from front to back, adjusting only our focusing point as the depth of field is at maximum, look at how the picture and composition completely changes. Which one you like best is up to you, but the point is that you can choose where to focus to change the composition of the image.

Changing Only the Aperture for Changing the Composition

Closeup of inside red flower, focus is in the front, photograph by Lorelle VanFossenCloseup of inside red flower, focus is in the middle, photograph by Lorelle VanFossenCloseup of inside red flower, focus is in the back, photograph by Lorelle VanFossenWhen the depth of field is in millimeters, so shallow that even a focusing shift can create a completely different image, you have what is called “selective focus”. This is where the focus point becomes the subject rather than the subject itself. This is not a series of pictures of a red flower, but much more – artwork.

Selective Focus

Cllseup of the inside of rose petals, photograph by Lorelle VanFossenWhen you increase your magnification, you enter a new world where what is in focus is the main focus, allowing everything else to fade off into blurs. This process of deciding what to have sharp in the image and what not to is called selective focus. Developed extensively by nature photographer, Mary Ellen Schultz, her amazing studies of the inside of flowers, where focus and depth of field is measured in millimeters if measurable at all, have become classic works of art as she took abstract art and impressionism to new heights. Here are some samples of our work which recall the magic of her work.

Closeup of a poppy flower edge, photograph by Brent VanFossenAs you work with this technique, a depth of field preview is required to help you choose your focus point and determine exactly what is in focus as well as what isn’t. And at extreme closeup magnification, lighting becomes a problem. Use a flashlight or studio lamp to assist you in focusing and composing, then turn it off to capture the natural light, if possible, or use fill flash.

A daisy becomes magical with a purple blur of another flower in front, photograph by Brent VanFossenExpanding upon this notion of selective focus, you can also creative your own selective focus “blurs” to enhance your images. Especially when working with wildflowers, you are often challenged with difficult lighting situations as well as distracting foregrounds and backgrounds. By photographing with out-of-focus colorful flower pedals in the foreground, with your main subject in focus, you can create a watercolor wash of color in the foreground of your subject. If the neighboring flowers don’t cooperate, you can pick up some fallen or damaged flowers (we do not recommend picking wildflowers for this process) and hold them up in front of your lens to recreate the same quality. By understanding how your lens sees and working with the depth of field preview or by experimentation, move the flowers in your hand forwards and backward between the lens and the subject until you achieve your desired result.

Using Selective Focus to Change the Foreground

Brent holds up a damaged and fallen flower in front of his subject. Understanding his depth of field range, he moves it around until it blurs the distracting foreground, isolating the subject flower in the background.

Brent holds up a damaged flower, photograph by Lorelle VanFossenPoppy without the foreground blurred, photograph by Brent VanFossenPoppy with the foreground blurred by another flower, photograph by Brent VanFossen