Backlighting Devil’s Club Overhead

Devils club leaves photographed by Lorelle VanFossen backlit in the forest.

Traveling to Seattle, a friend and I went to the John Bastyr School for one of their health and herbal festivals. A nature walk through the forest next to the campus intrigued me. It was incredibly informative, discussing how to use plants in the wilderness for medical treatments and health.

The Pacific Northwest forest was dappled with sunlight and the treacherous Devils Club hung over our heads at one point in trail. I worked around the group trying to get a good angle on the plant to capture the details with the strong backlighting.

The Devil’s Club is one that I’ve run into since a child digging around the forests of the Pacific Northwest, and trust me, this is one you do not want to stumble into. Called the Devil’s Club or Walking Stick, it can grow up to 16 feet (5 meters) tall in rainforests and damp environments to which Western Washington is well equipped. Spines are found not only on the stems but the leaves, making it a painful experience to touch in any way, even brush against.

According to our guide, Native Americans used Devil’s Club for medicine to treat diabetes, tumors, chapped lips, and tumors. It can also be used as an analgesic, though it isn’t as strong as traditional aspirin. It can be used in herbal teas and he said that they ate it as food. He didn’t clarify which part they ate, from the red fruits that form in clusters off stems that look like clubs, or from the leaves or root.

For me, this is a plant I’ve endured most of my life, having spent too many hours pulling its little thorn-like spines from by arms and legs and out of my dogs. Still, it is a magnificent examples of the unusual in the world. A plant I think of when I imagine what plant life was like during the dinosaur times.

Flash Isolates Natural Subject

Dried Thistle phtographed with flash, thus the background goes black. Photography by Lorelle VanFossen.

This dried thistle head in the Painted Hills of Oregon caught my attention with its textures and lines. I’ve always loved thistles, alive and vital with their fluffy tops, and dried out cone-like structures of mystery and pattern.

To isolate this thistle, I used flash to force the background to go to black. The flash also dove into the textures highlighting the dimensional quality of the seed head. The black background brings out the delicate curves of the plant.

To create this yourself, get close to your subject and use full flash. I recommend putting your camera on a tripod to maximize the sharp focus of the subject.

If the subject like this thistle is moving in the breeze, just be patient and wait for it to pause. The flash allows the camera to photograph at higher speeds, but you want all the odds on your side.

Exploring Painted Hills in Oregon

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A few years ago, my mother and I went on a genealogy romp through Oregon trying to track down the records of my family. We swung out into Eastern Oregon to one of my favorite nature parks, Painted Hills. I’ve photographed it for many years. Here are a few of the choice images from that trip to revisit this odd geological spot where the winds and rains have worn away the topsoil to reveal amazing colors of the minerals in the ground.

Just Bugging You

Animated bugI’m not a fan of funny email jokes (seen them 58 times before you did and emailed it to me), videos, and other virtual time wasters. But this one had me going for over an hour. I emailed the graphic to a bunch of my RVing and outdoorsy friends and they are now having too much fun with it.

This was originally shared by John Nash on Google+. Enjoy!

Photographing Water Droplets

Water droplets on grass-vertical, photograph copyrighted Brent VanFossenRisk. Danger. Anticipation. And nerves of steel. These are the thrills and spills of photographing water droplets. There is a constant threat of danger as they dangle, so close to the edge, hanging on until the last second…then splat. Gone.

We love photographing water droplets. They are lenses within your lens, offering a new perspective on the world around us. Like tiny fish-eye lenses, they shrink down the scene and give it a circular distortion, smoothing the edges on a harsh, sharp world.

Water droplet on Huckleberry, photograph copyrighted Brent VanFossenWater droplets form from rain and condensation. In nature, they tend to cling to the fine hairs and fibers of plants. They line up in rows along spider webs. They stay for a short time in the early morning of summer before the heat blasts them away for the day. In winter, they can freeze into icicles, creating long daggers off the edges of anything that stays still long enough.

Photographing water droplets is all about timing and perspective. The key is to photograph the droplet before it drops, and not to do anything to encourage it to drop. It sounds much simpler than you might think.

Dew on sheet spider web, photograph copyrighted Brent VanFossenAny wind or motion around or against your subject will usually knock the water droplet off. The heat of your body can cause wind on cool days, shaking the water droplet. This is especially true when photographing delicate dew-covered spider webs. As the heat of the day rises with the sun, a slight breeze can make a mess of your water droplet covered subject.

Keep a good working distance from your subject by using a long lens with a zoom on a tripod. This stabilizes the camera for the often low light situations, allows longer exposures to maximize depth of field, and keeps you back a bit from your subject to ensure you don’t bump it.

Early morning dew on high alpine lupine, Mt Rainier, photograph copyrighted Brent VanFossenWater droplets are found hanging from edges and nestled in leaves and flowers, held there like water storage tanks for as long as possible, feeding and cooling the plant at the same time.

Photographing them may involve bending over your subject and photographing down upon it, or getting low to the ground so you are at “eye level” with the water droplets hanging from grasses, flowers stems, branches, or on spider webs. Be sure and wear water proof gear if you are working within a lot of wet and damp. At least bring a plastic sheet and/or kneeling pad so you don’t get too wet.

As you look through a water droplet, the subjects behind it are reduced down to fit within the small globe. Move slightly to the right or left, up or down, and the view changes, depending upon how close the background subject is.

There are two ways of photographing a water droplet. You can photograph it as part of an overall scene, such as the water droplets on the grasses in the photograph at the top of this article. The water droplets are part of the story of the grasses right after the rain. They look like jewelry, glittering along the grass stem.

Water droplets on grass in series, photograph copyrighted Brent VanFossenThe other method is to photograph the view through the water droplet. The water droplet shrinks the background so we see it clearly, though slightly distorted. It isn’t necessary that we see the whole background since it is inside of the droplet, but it helps to see just enough of an echo of the background to add to the sensation that we are viewing the world beyond through a secondary lens beyond our camera.

If the water droplet is the focus, then keep your camera’s focus on the water droplet, not the background, a challenge with some of today’s auto focus cameras which may fight for a subject to focus on. With the camera on the tripod, focus on the water droplet in the center area of your viewfinder, then turn off the auto focus to position the water drop in your frame as desired. Or switch to manual focus and focus it accordingly.

Fill as much of the frame with the droplet to capture the image inside. Carefully choose how much of the background you want within the picture’s frame, but keep the water droplet on center stage. Remember, the subject is what is seen inside the water drop, not just the water drop. Not all views through a droplet work. Choose your background scene carefully. As with all photographs, keep the scene simple and free from unnecessary distractions.

Water droplets on grasses, photograph copyrighted Brent VanFossenDetermining the aperture and depth of field for the photograph of a water droplet is a challenge. The focus is on the water droplet. What is in focus in front or beyond is part of your creative decisions. If the background is too much in focus, you might lose the water droplet in the picture. If it is too much out of focus, the echo of the background in your image might distract more than echo. A good background perspective choice is to echo the view inside of the water drop, not overwhelm it.

Water droplets on grass in series, photograph copyrighted Brent VanFossenIn the two comparison photographs here, you see that one has more depth of field, so the grasses are visible as lines even though they are still out of focus. The other, vertical image, has a much more narrow depth of field, so the background grasses blur into a soft color behind. We know they are grasses, so it doesn’t matter that we can’t clearly see them. We see them in the water droplets, and get the “impression” they are grasses, so our mind fills in the blank.

Generally, a low to middle range apertures will work best. Bracket your aperture to experiment with the various depth of field perspectives to find the one you like best.

Water Droplets in the Studio

Photographing water droplets is not limited to outdoors in nature. If the weather or lifestyle isn’t cooperating, you can create your own droplets in a studio, be it your kitchen, living room, or photography studio.

Water droplets on flower stem, photograph copyrighted Brent VanFossenUsing the natural light coming in from the sliding glass doors of our living room, we photographed these water droplets on the stem of a flower, with the flower behind it echoing the image inside of the water droplets.

Water droplets on flower stem photographed in a studio situation, photograph copyrighted Brent VanFossenThe stem was held in place with the weight of a lamp in front of the camera on its tripod. We spritzed water onto the stem until we formed a good looking water droplet. You can also use clear glycerin to fake a water droplet. The thick liquid will stay longer and have less chance of falling, too.

The flower behind it was set in a vase, positioned to maximize the image in the droplet and far enough away so our depth of field would still allow for enough recognizable focus to create an image echo.

We used a gold reflector to brighten up and warm the image and balance the side light from the windows, and took a variety of bracketed photographs to make sure we got the effect we wanted.

Water droplet on window screen with flower in behind, photograph copyrighted Brent VanFossenAs we worked, Brent noticed that the process of spraying the water on the stem caused water droplets to sit in the window screen next to the camera, forming many water droplets reflecting the view of the backyard inside of them. He moved the flower behind the window screen and instantly saw dozens of flowers in the water droplets. He played with fill flash and natural light and bracketed across apertures to get the final image here.

Experiment with water droplets to see what you may see. A whole new world inside of a drop of water.

Most water droplet photography requires some familiarity with closeup photography, as well as closeup or macro photography equipment. This includes extension tubes, teleconverters, and close focusing techniques that also keep a wide working distance. For more information on closeup photography, see our online book I Long to Be Close to You: Closeups in Nature Photography, and take time to also look at our online book Bows and Flows of Angel Hair: Patterns in Nature Photography.

Jeff Master’s Review on Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth About Global Warming

I haven’t seen it, but Jeff Master’s review of “An Inconvenient Truth”, the Al Gore movie, seems a good and fair review of not just the movie, but the environmental impact and sciences behind the truth about global warming.

The science presented is mostly good, and at times compelling, but there are a few errors and one major distortion of the truth. Gore does an excellent job focusing on the most important issues, and usually presents them with a minimum of hype and distortion. The only exception to this comes in his treatment of global warming and extreme weather events such as hurricanes.

The points Masters makes on the complex issues of global warming and human impact on the planet are very compelling and honest. Definitely worth a read.

As a side note, doesn’t anyone use the word “pollution” any more? It appears to be a lost word. Pollution is what is killing our planet. Not global warming. If global warming has a direct cause and effect related to humans, it’s from pollution. Pollution and abuse of the land causes more deaths, more illness, and more disease than global warming today. By reducing pollution levels globally, everyone benefits, including the planet. Let’s stop polluting. Bring back micro-awareness of what we all can do to stop polluting and it doesn’t stop with just picking up a piece of paper.

Using Window Design To Protect Birds from Collisions With Windows

Treehugger offers information on “Using Window Design To Protect Birds”, a new technology which will help to protect birds from flying into your windows. I was delighted to find this as I am currently staying with my mother and the bedroom has a view window out the backyard where she’s put a large bird feeder so I can watch the birds (and squirrels and raccoons) nibble. Every day or two I hear a thwomp as a bird flies into the window. Luckily, they rarely hit very hard as they are taking off from the feeder when they smack, but it is startling and frustrating. I want the view but not at the risk of injuring the birds.

According the Treehugger:

It’s a film patterned in the shape of trees and attached to the windows of the Earth Rangers Centre in Woodbridge, Ontario. It was designed by architectural consultant John Butner to prevent birds from colliding into the windows.

It is used on more than 100 second-floor windows on the building. Many other clever designs can stop bird collisions — a recent BuildingGreen article covers some strategies. According to Daniel Klem, a biology professor at Pennsylvania’s Muhlenberg College, the number of birds kills on windows is staggering — each year about 333 times as many birds are killed as those killed by the Exxon Valdez oil spill.

In order to view the specs on the window designs, you have to login at BuildingGreen, which is a shame. Still, this is exciting news for bird lovers! And for the birds.

Arctic Village Resident Blogging Against Drilling for Oil in the Arctic Refuge

Gwich’in Arctic Village Resident Matthew Gilbert is Blogging on the Arctic Refuge for the NRDC Action Fund to stop drilling for oil. A resident of the Alaskan community which borders the Arctic Refuge, Gilbert is speaking out against the House and Senate “budget resolution” to begin the process of drilling for oil in the Arctic Refuge.

Gilbert’s blog, NRDC Action Fund states:

“The fact that it’s even a question whether we should drill in a pristine place like the Arctic Refuge, the breeding grounds of Polar Bears, the Porcupine Caribou Herd, and many bird species, is an ethical travesty of our time. The world is realizing fossil fuel is becoming more and more scarce and its costs to the earth more expensive. We Gwich’in of Alaska pay $5.00 a gallon and are getting hit the hardest, but we know our environment is far more important. Even in a time of energy shortage, we stick to our belief: complete protection of the Refuge’s Coastal Plain to ensure the survival of the Porcupine Caribou Herd.”

Gilbert’s passion is to help local natives play a more “important role in documenting climate change” and working together as a team with the various agencies to protect the Arctic Refuge. He is interviewing the elders about the traditional knowledge that may be lost once the US government moves in.

Great White Shark Migration

According to a report in BBC Science News’ Great white’s marathon sea trek, conservationists and scientists investigating how far great white sharks migrate, found some of them migrate from South African to Mozambiquan territorial waters.

…Ramon Bonfil of the Wildlife Conservation Society in New York, US, and colleagues were stunned by the epic journey of the shark…”We suspect that she went for reproductive reasons,” Dr Bonfil said.

“There’s plenty of food around South Africa and she would be using too much energy to just go to Australia to feed. Of course we can’t prove this at this stage, it is just a hunch.”

Great whites were once thought to keep to coastal regions, but this was a trek across a vast expanse of open ocean.

Alaskan people tell of climate change

Mt. Denali, Alaska, photograph by Brent VanFossenCould it be that global warming is not a unique experience? That changes in the the weather have occured for millenium and we are just catching up?

While I certainly don’t believe that the current global warming trend is a “naturally” caused effect, it was fascinating to find a story from BBC News that Alaskan people tell of climate change. It seems that for the past twenty years, climatologists and ice and atmosphere scientists have been studying climate change in Alaska, and part of their studies involve pulling their heads out of the rocks and ice and studying the oral history of native Alaskans.

Barrow is the most northerly town in the United States, lying 300 miles inside the Arctic Circle. And 92-year-old Bertha Leavitt is its oldest inhabitant.

“When I was a child”, she says, “it was so much colder and the winds in winter used to be fierce.” She remembers her elders telling in their stories that the weather was going to change. And since her childhood she believes this has come true.

Barrow whaling captain Percy Nusunginya has particular reason to be alert to change. Each autumn and spring his crew ventures out on the ice to fish at air holes. He says that working out on the Arctic Sea has become very dangerous. “Nowadays ice conditions are thinner than in the 1970s and 80s. The ice used to be 20 to 30 feet thick but now it is more like 10 feet thick. But what can we do? Sometimes I feel sad but we just have to go with what we have got. Up here in the Arctic we are definitely warming up, the polar pack ice has all but gone.”

Percy says Western nations need to have scientific proof that the climate is warming rather than believing the word of the native people but he adds: “The white man, the climatologists are just learning what we knew was going on.”

Area people say there is “a real camaraderie, a real sharing between the local people and the visiting experts.”

We need to remember that history of the planet is found in many resources, not all scientific. And we need to remember before that history is gone, lost to the modern generation.

Environment Cleanup: Manufacturing Plants Eliminating Garbage

There is a growing determination and effort by manufacturers, enforced and willingly, to clean up the environment. Some are actually coming up with some amazing ideas.

In a news story on Wired News, At Clean Plants, It’s Waste Not, the Subaru factory in Lafayette, Indiana, turns out cars not garbage. According to the report, “When the garbage truck rolls up to the curb in front of your house each week, it hauls away more trash than is generated by the manufacturing processes at the factory.”

It seems that the Subaru plant is just one of many manufacturing plants which are cleaning up behind themselves in a big way through recycling, reuse, and reprocessing.

The factory is the first auto assembly plant in North America to become completely waste-free: Last year, 100 percent of the waste steel, plastic and other materials coming out of the plant were reused or recycled. Paint sludge that used to be thrown away, for example, is now dried to a powder and shipped to a plastics manufacturer, ending up eventually as parking lot bumpers and guardrails. What can’t be reused — about 3 percent of the plant’s trash — is shipped off to Indianapolis and incinerated to generate electricity.

Subaru is not alone. Lots of other companies are shipping far less garbage to landfills than they did even a few years ago. Cascade Engineering, a Grand Rapids, Michigan, plastics manufacturer that makes parts for cars and various plastic containers — including trash cans — has cut the amount of trash it sends to landfills from 2,475 tons in 2003 to just over 700 tons this year. “We’ve gone from every-other-day pickups to once every couple of weeks,” says Kelley Losey, an environmental services manager at the company.

In 2001, HP managed to keep just over three-quarters of its trash out of landfills around the world. Now that figure is 84 percent. Xerox is reusing or recycling 90 percent of its waste. Three of Toyota’s manufacturing plants in the United States have reached the 95 percent level, as has Fetzer Vineyards, one of the country’s largest winemakers.

Good on them. Now, what are you doing to clean up behind yourself and reduce your output of garbage? If they can, you can.

Nature Archives – Now Back to 1970

While this isn’t one of our recommendations on books, it is another resource nature and science lovers need to know about.

The Nature Publishing Group has announced it is releasing their archives to the public back to 1970. Started in 1869, Nature is the the most highly-cited weekly multidisciplinary journal.

Nature Publishing Group (NPG) announced today that the latest installment of the Nature archive will go live on Tuesday, August 2, 2005. A decade of scientific information has been added to Nature‘s online archive at http://www.nature.com/nature/archive enabling users to search back to January 1970. The addition of all content published between January 1970 and December 1979 includes approximately 37,405 articles from 510 issues.

Notable papers from the decade include Lauterburg’s paper on a new imaging technique known as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (Nature, March 16, 1973), and Gibbons and Hawking’s paper stating evidence for black holes in binary star systems (Nature, August 13, 1971).

Nature is currently digitizing the archives back to 1950. Content will be released in installments of 10 years until completion in 2006. When complete, the Nature archive will contain 2,399 issues and approximately 154,500 articles…

The archives will be available with HTML abstract, PDF version of full article, and linked references using the abstracting services of CrossRef, Medline, and ISI including the ISI Web of Science.

Nature Photography, Stink and Smells

In an older article I found on Boing Boing, it mentions how humans can track smells which helps us learn about how animals can track smells.

UC Berkeley researchers report that humans can determine where a smell is coming using just our noses. In Berkeley study study, subjects were presented with essence or rose, cloves, and also odorants that smell like vinegar and banana. Brain scans revealed that the right and left nostrils are tied to separate regions of the primary olfactory cortext. As a result, the brain can locate a smell similarly to the way we localize sound based on input from two ears.

The article went on to explain how tracking by smell could be trained, that it didn’t come naturally with birth, explaining how true trackers learn from others and extensive practice and training.

Deer in woods, photograph by Brent VanFossenIn our nature and travel photography, we are always sensitive to how we smell as it can effect animals by attracting them or driving them away. We avoid all perfumes, even those found in shampoos, body soaps, deodorants, and other things we put on our body, including the laundry soap and softeners we use which often put perfumes into our clothing.

Tracking animals in nature photography requires a lot of skill in identifying footprints, hair, spoor, and other things animals leave behind as they move, including smell. The idea of actually tracking any animal by smell is a fascinating one that we’ll have to explore more.

Open Your Aperture

Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness – all foes to real understanding. Likewise, tolerance or broad, wholesome charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in our little corner of the earth all one’s lifetime.
~ Mark Twain

Moose in Alaska, photograph by Brent VanFossenWhen you think of Alaska, don’t you imagine it as the last refuge for large wild animals in the Northern Hemisphere? A place where elk, caribou, moose, and bear still wander wild and free? On our first trip to Alaska, we were sure we would return with film covered with all things wild and woolly.

Instead, we found mosquitos, rain, and empty fields and mountain ranges. Nothing.

By the end of the first week, rain pounding our tent, we were angry and frustrated, biting and snapping at each other. The truth was we were disappointed. We didn’t find any great herds of elk, caribou, moose, or even the wandering lone bear. Just a few Arctic ground squirrels, soggy and boring. Nothing close to our stereotypical vision of the last wilderness frontier. What a waste.

Waterways from the glacier melt cuts across the fall colors of the tundra, Denali, Alaska, photograph by Brent VanFossenAfter a week of sneers and stabs, we called a truce. “We’re in Alaska!” I shouted, “Who cares about anything else!”

We rearranged our thinking and changed our photographic mood to photograph what was THERE, visible to the eye, not to keep looking for what should be there.

Icebergs floating on Portage Lake, Alaska, photograph by Brent VanFossenA few days later we did find some moose and bear, but by then we were relaxed and more casual about the event, ready with our cameras, our attitudes in place. We returned to Seattle with glorious images of snow-capped mountain scenes, icebergs floating on Portage Lake, fall colors on the tundra of Denali, brilliant red high bush cranberries glistening with water droplets, fascinating patterns of trees and plant life, and a few bear and moose pictures, along with a lot of Arctic ground squirrels. We returned happy, the most important thing.

We are still learning lessons about expectations, even ten years later. While we spent months preparing to evacuate Israel due to the war with Iraq, the time between the decision and the leaving was very short. We kept changing our minds about which photographic equipment to take and at last minute took only the barest minimum. We landed in Spain and decided to just play tourist, since we had left behind “our best equipment”.

At first it was frustrating not to have the full range of equipment choices, regretting leaving this and that behind, ignoring some angles because we didn’t have the “right stuff”. After a while, we accepted our limitations and kept on working with what we had.

Sunrise on Toledo, Spain, photograph by Brent VanFossenBefore we knew it, we pushed those self-imposed limits and started “seeing” things differently through the equipment we had instead of regretting what we didn’t have. Brent dusted off his wide angle lens and started “seeing” the world through an even wider perspective. Stuck with only one tripod, we propped our cameras up on the floor, benches, window sills, and anywhere, using coats, hats, and tour guide books to aim our lenses for long low-light exposures.

We took more risks, not sure how well our experiments were going to turn out. Working with less, we opened our minds up to even more possibilities. The result, we captured our time in Spain through fresh and refreshed eyes.

Matching Expectations With Reality

Drop your expectations as you travel. Sure it’s nice to have a plan, but be open to all there is to see and photograph. Be willing to lower your camera once in a while and just enjoy. Sometimes we spend so much time behind the camera, we forget that there is life in front of it. Let your mind be an aperture, willing to open as wide as possible to let the light in. There’s a lot of world to see and learn from. Just be open to it.

“You can’t depend on your eyes when your imagination is out of focus.”
Anonymous

Darwin’s Descendents to Count Flowers – First Ever Biodiversity Audit

According to an article in the BBC Science News, The Darwin family will repeat the flower count. To honor their ancestor, the descendants of Charles Darwin are “retracing his footsteps by surveying wild flowers in the meadows around his former home at Down House in Kent.”

Begun in June of 1855, Charles Darwin studied local plants as part of beginning his theory on evolution, and this summer, his family will walk through the same fields, counting the descendents of those same flowers, in a way. The three generations of the Darwin family – aged from 21 months to 78 years – will repeat his original survey in an effort to show how “flowering plants have changed over the past 150 years.” This is considered the first “biodiversity audit in history”.

Scientists from the Natural History Museum and conservationists from English Heritage will help with the survey.